Table 4.
Comparison of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum chemotaxis and inflammatory biomarkers in HIV-positive samples with an increased CSF WBC count (n=20), and normal CSF WBC count (n=48). Significant differences are in bold typeface
| CSF | SER UM | CSF/se rum | ||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WBC> 5 | WBC <5 | Cohen’ s d (95%C I) (b) | (a) p | WBC >5 | WB C<5 | Cohen’ s d (95%C I) (b) | (a) p | WBC> 5 | WBC <5 | Diff (95% CI) (b) | (a)p | |
| Cytokines | ||||||||||||
| TNFα | 0.81 (0.56) | 0.13 (0.26) | 1.65 (1.06, 2.23) | <0.0001 | 1.03 (0.19) | 0.90 (0.21) | 0.5 (− 0.08, 1.09) | 0. 09 | −0.22 (0.54) | −0.77 (0.33) | 1.24 (0.65, 1.82) | <0.0001 |
| IFN γ | 0.52 (0.54) | 0.17 (0.33) | 0.63 (0.04, 1.21) | 0.0360 | 0.34 (0.57) | 0.25 (0.40) | 0.35 (− 0.23, 0.94) | 0.23 | 0.19 (0.84) | −0.08 (0.51) | 0.14 (− 0.44,0.72) | 0.6300 |
| IL1β | − 0.11(0. 05) | − 0.1(0. 02) | −0.37 (− 0.96,0.21) | 0.210 | −0.07 (0.14) | −0.1 (0) | 0.34 (− 0.24, 0.93) | 0.25 | −0.05 (0.14) | −0.01 (0.02) | −0.48 (− 1.06,0.11) | 0.1100 |
| IL2 | 0.08 (0.16) | 0 (0) | 0.86 (0.28, 1.45) | 0.0044 | 0.02 (0.12) | 0.08 (0.36) | −0.15 (− 0.73, 0.44) | 0. 62 | 0.06 (0.22) | −0.08 (0.36) | 0.36 (− 0.22,0.95) | 0.2200 |
| IL4 | 0.65 (0) | 0.65 (0) | −0.07 (− 0.66,0.51) | 0.8100 | 0.72 (0.22) | 0.67 (0.14) | 0.3 (− 0.29, 0.88) | 0. 32 | −0.06 (0.22) | −0.02 (0.14) | −0.3 (− 0.88,0.29) | 0.3200 |
| IL6 | 0.35 (0.41) | 0.08 (0.28) | 0.75 (0.17, 1.34) | 0.0120 | 0.07 (0.26) | 0.06 (0.31) | −0.09 (− 0.67, 0.49) | 0. 76 | 0.28 (0.45) | 0.02(0.44) | 0.61 (0.03, 1.2) | 0.0400 |
| IL7 | 0.41 (0.17) | 0.23 (0.19) | 0.72 (0.14, 1.31) | 0.0160 | 0.53 (0.36) | 0.69 (0.37) | −0.28 (− 0.86, 0.31) | 0. 35 | −0.13 (0.41) | −0.46 (0.38) | 0.63 (0.05, 1.22) | 0.0340 |
| IL10 | 0.62 (0.56) | 0.09 (0.18) | 1.58 (1,2.17) | <0.0001 | 0.48 (0.45) | 0.23 (0.43) | 0.57 (− 0.01, 1.16) | 0. 06 | 0.14(0. 75) | −0.14 (0.49) | 0.49 (− 0.1,1. 07) | 0.1000 |
| Chemokines | ||||||||||||
| IP10 | 4.0 (0.95) | 2.97 (0.37) | 1.53 (0.94, 2.11) | <0.0001 | 3.16 (0.35) | 2.90 (0.32) | 0.46 (− 0.12, 1.05) | 0. 12 | 0.82 (0.89) | 0.07 (0.38) | 1.33 (0.75, 1.92) | <0.0001 |
| MCP1 | 3.24(0. 22) | 3.12 (0.16) | 0.48 (− 0.1,1. 07) | 0.1000 | 2.71 (0.19) | 2.74 (0.21) | 0.23 (− 0.36, 0.81) | 0. 44 | 0.53 (0.27) | 0.39 (0.26) | 0.18 (− 0.4,0. 76) | 0.5400 |
| MIP1α | 1.21 (0.2) | 1.05 (0.07) | 1.13 (0.55, 1.72) | 0.0003 | 0.63 (0.35) | 0.59 (0.27) | 0.38 (− 0.21, 0.96) | 0. 20 | 0.57 (0.43) | 0.46 (0.29) | 0.09 (− 0.49,0.68) | 0.7600 |
| MIP1β | 1.21 (0.25) | 1.04 (0.28) | 0.97 (0.38, 1.55) | 0.0016 | 1.64 (0.3) | 1.74 (0.26) | 0.07 (− 0.52, 0.65) | 0. 82 | − 0.43(0. 33) | −0.70 (0.31) | 0.75 (0.17,1. 34) | 0.0130 |
| RANTES | 1.14 (0.79) | 0.34 (0.32) | 1.43 (0.85, 2.02) | <0.0001 | 4.51 (0.23) | 4.47 (0.27) | 0.23 (− 0.35, 0.82) | 0. 43 | −3.36 (0.84) | −4.13 (0.41) | 1.17 (0.59,1. 76) | 0.0002 |
Values are log transformed, presented in mean (SD). (a) Adjusted for plasma and HIV viral load suppression, and CD4 nadir.
Unadjusted and Adjusted analysis adding CSF/serum albumin quotient (Q alb.) to plasma and HIV viral load suppression, and CD4 nadir in the multivariable model are not shown. After adding Q alb. in the adjustment multivariable model, persisted significance for TNFα, IL-10, IP-10, MIP-1α, MIP-1β and RANTES (p <0.0001; <0.0001; <0.0001; 0.0069; 0.014; 0.00015 respectively) and for the CSF/serum TNFα, IL-7, IP-10, MIP-1β, MIP-1β and RANTES (p= 0.002; 0.045; 0.0007; 0.029; 0.0016 respectively) for all the other results p>0.05.
(b) Groups differences presented as Cohen’s d effect sizes and 95% confidence intervals.