Table 3.
Association between cytokines and prevalent peripheral arterial disease (ABI <0.90)
| Second quarter (25th - 50th percentile) | Third quarter (50th -75th percentile) | Fourth quarter (75th - 100th percentile) | P for trend | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cytokine | Model | Odds Ratio, 95% Confidence Intervala | |||
| IL-6 | Crude model | 1.94 (0.65, 5.87) | 3.63 (1.31, 10.01) | 6.00 (2.27, 15.91) | <0.001 |
| Age-adjusted model | 1.71 (0.57, 5.12) | 3.13 (1.12, 8.71) | 4.91 (1.83, 13.17) | 0.001 | |
| Multivariate-adjusted modelb | 1.37 (0.42, 4.46) | 3.46 (1.19, 10.11) | 3.95 (1.38, 11.26) | 0.003 | |
| Multivariate-adjusted model + smoking status | 1.32 (0.40, 4.31) | 2.88 (0.98, 8.49) | 2.90 (0.99, 8.52) | 0.020 | |
| Multivariate-adjusted model + CVD risk factorsc | 1.17 (0.34, 3.98) | 3.39 (1.13,10.18) | 3.57 (1.21, 10.50) | 0.005 | |
| IL-6 SR | Crude model | 0.95 (0.42, 2.13) | 1.11 (0.51, 2.43) | 1.71 (0.84, 3.48) | 0.129 |
| Age-adjusted model | 0.93 (0.41, 2.10) | 1.07 (0.49, 2.35) | 1.61 (0.78, 3.31) | 0.180 | |
| Multivariate-adjusted modelb | 1.16 (0.46, 2.89) | 1.12 (0.47, 2.71) | 1.65 (0.73, 3.74) | 0.270 | |
| Multivariate-adjusted model + smoking status | 1.24 (0.49, 3.18) | 1.31 (0.52, 3.28) | 1.85 (0.79, 4.36) | 0.170 | |
| Multivariate-adjusted model + CVD risk factorsc | 1.12 (0.44, 2.89) | 1.03 (0.41, 2.59) | 1.86 (0.79, 4.34) | 0.204 | |
| IL-10 | Crude model | 1.30 (0.53, 3.14) | 2.73 (1.23, 6.05) | 1.89 (0.82, 4.34) | 0.045 |
| Age-adjusted model | 1.27 (0.52, 3.11) | 2.55 (1.14, 5.68) | 1.63 (0.70, 3.79) | 0.107 | |
| Multivariate-adjusted modelb | 1.48 (0.56, 3.93) | 2.02 (0.81, 5.04) | 1.57 (0.62, 3.96) | 0.263 | |
| Multivariate-adjusted model + smoking status | 1.52 (0.56, 4.13) | 2.13 (0.83, 5.44) | 1.75 (0.68, 4.53) | 0.184 | |
| Multivariate-adjusted model + CVD risk factorsc | 1.74 (0.63, 4.81) | 2.52 (0.96, 6.57) | 1.89 (0.72, 4.95) | 0.139 | |
| TNFα | Crude model | 2.33 (0.93, 5.83) | 2.52 (1.02, 6.21) | 3.24 (1.35, 7.79) | 0.010 |
| Age-adjusted model | 2.43 (0.97, 6.13) | 2.54 (1.02, 6.28) | 3.09 (1.27, 7.47) | 0.015 | |
| Multivariate-adjusted modelb | 3.02 (0.99, 9.18) | 3.69 (1.26, 10.78) | 4.44 (1.54, 12.80) | 0.005 | |
| Multivariate-adjusted model + smoking status | 2.95 (0.96, 9.06) | 3.40 (1.15, 10.08) | 3.95 (1.35, 11.58) | 0.012 | |
| Multivariate-adjusted model + CVD risk factorsc | 3.37 (1.05, 10.83) | 4.13 (1.35, 12.67) | 5.34 (1.77, 16.16) | 0.003 | |
| TNFαSRI | Crude model | 1.15 (0.47, 2.84) | 1.54 (0.65, 3.64) | 3.34 (1.53, 7.29) | 0.002 |
| Age-adjusted model | 1.01 (0.41, 2.51) | 1.25 (0.52, 2.99) | 2.24 (0.97, 5.15) | 0.051 | |
| Multivariate-adjusted modelb | 1.24 (0.46, 3.34) | 1.28 (0.48, 3.42) | 2.26 (0.89, 5.75) | 0.104 | |
| Multivariate-adjusted model + smoking status | 1.16 (0.42, 3.16) | 1.07 (0.39, 2.89) | 1.80 (0.69, 4.69) | 0.285 | |
| Multivariate-adjusted model + CVD risk factorsc | 1.43 (0.50, 4.13) | 1.59 (0.56, 4.52) | 3.20 (1.15, 8.85) | 0.029 | |
| TNFαSRII | Crude model | 1.83 (0.72, 4.68) | 1.95 (0.77, 4.94) | 3.74 (1.57, 8.88) | 0.004 |
| Age-adjusted model | 1.64 (0.64, 4.21) | 1.64 (0.64, 4.20) | 2.65 (1.08, 6.54) | 0.042 | |
| Multivariate-adjusted modela | 1.79 (0.63, 5.06) | 1.70 (0.60, 4.83) | 2.50 (0.91, 6.85) | 0.095 | |
| Multivariate-adjusted model + smoking status | 1.50 (0.52, 4.33) | 1.46 (0.50, 4.20) | 2.11 (0.75, 5.91) | 0.181 | |
| Multivariate-adjusted model + CVD risk factorsc | 2.23 (0.72, 6.93) | 2.66 (0.85, 8.32) | 3.81 (1.25, 11.63) | 0.019 | |
| CRP | Crude model | 1.78 (0.73, 4.32) | 1.53 (0.61, 3.82) | 3.37 (1.48, 7.64) | 0.008 |
| Age-adjusted model | 1.92 (0.78, 4.71) | 1.66 (0.66, 4.18) | 3.43 (1.50, 7.85) | 0.008 | |
| Multivariate-adjusted modelb | 2.61 (0.95, 7.15) | 1.88 (0.66, 5.36) | 3.63 (1.41, 9.36) | 0.020 | |
| Multivariate-adjusted model + smoking status | 2.41 (0.87, 6.66) | 1.52 (0.52, 4.44) | 2.80 (1.06, 7.37) | 0.092 | |
| Multivariate-adjusted model + CVD risk factorsc | 2.02 (0.71, 5.73) | 1.62 (0.56, 4.71) | 3.24 (1.23, 8.55) | 0.035 | |
aReference group = lowest quartile
bMultivariate-adjusted models were adjusted for age, MI, hypertension, CHF, COPD, diabetes status, NSAID, Aspirin, cox-II inhibitor, ACE inhibitors, loop diuretics, antidepressants, self-rated health status, BMI, PASE score and walking speed
cCVD risk factors included systolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol and HDL