Table 1.
Characteristics and lung function measures of the study sample, overall and separately for men and women
| Variables | Men (n = 386) | Women (n = 352) | All (n = 738) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sociodemographic | |||
| Age, years | 52.87 ± 8.23 | 48.90 ± 7.39 | 50.98 ± 8.08 |
| Marital status, n (%) | |||
| Married | 299 (77.5) | 226 (64.2) | 525 (71.1) |
| Widower | 3.0 (0.8) | 19 (5.4) | 22 (3.0) |
| Single | 46 (12.0) | 39 (11.1) | 85 (11.6) |
| Separated/Divorced | 35 (9.1) | 66 (18.9) | 101 (13.8) |
| Social classa, n (%) | |||
| High | 62 (16.1) | 51 (14.5) | 113 (15.4) |
| Medium | 176 (46.0) | 148 (42.0) | 324 (43.9) |
| Low | 145 (37.6) | 151 (42.9) | 296 (40.1) |
| Medical history, n (%) | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 49 (12.7) | 18 (5.1) | 67 (9.1) |
| Dyslipidaemia | 115 (29.8) | 64 (18.2) | 179 (24.3) |
| Hypertension | 112 (29.0) | 68 (19.3) | 180 (24.4) |
| Cardiovascular disease | 18 (4.7) | 4 (1.1) | 22 (3.0) |
| Central obesity | 72 (18.6) | 92 (26.1) | 164 (22.2) |
| Health habits | |||
| Alcohol consumption, standard drink/week | 7 (0–9) | 0 (0–2) | 1 (0–9) |
| Physical activity, hours/week | 2.42 ± 0.26 | 2.20 ± 0.19 | 2.31 ± 0.16 |
| Smoking | |||
| Start smoking age, years | 17.10 ± 4.73 | 18.71 ± 6.44 | 17.87 ± 5.65 |
| Current consumption, cigarettes/day | 20.72 ± 11.94 | 17.63 ± 9.30 | 19.25 ± 10.87 |
| Cumulative consumption, pack-years | 36.77 ± 23.55 | 26.96 ± 16.62 | 32.09 ± 21.10 |
| Anthropometric and body composition | |||
| Weight, kg | 80.38 ± 13.46 | 66.82 ± 14.15 | 73.92 ± 15.36 |
| Height, cm | 170.30 ± 6.93 | 158.35 ± 6.79 | 164.61 ± 9.09 |
| BMI, kg/m2 | 27.63 ± 0.22 | 26.65 ± 0.28 | 27.16 ± 0.17 |
| BMI categorizationb, n (%) | |||
| < 25.0 kg/m2 | 90 (23.3) | 153 (44.5) | 243 (32.9) |
| 25.0–29.9 kg/m2 | 184 (47.7) | 119 (33.8) | 303 (41.1) |
| ≥ 30.0 kg/m2 | 102 (26.4) | 73 (21.2) | 175 (23.7) |
| Waist circumference, cm | 98.75 ± 10.44 | 92.27 ± 16.55 | 96.0 ± 13.73 |
| Waist-to-height ratio | 0.58 ± 0.06 | 0.59 ± 0.10 | 0.58 ± 0.82 |
| Lung function parameters | |||
| FVC, % of predicted | 89.14 ± 0.84 | 98.10 ± 0.77 | 93.49 ± 0.59 |
| FEV1, % of predicted | 90.50 ± 0.96 | 99.73 ± 0.82 | 94.93 ± 0.66 |
| FEV1/FVC ratio (%) | 76.13 ± 0.40 | 78.59 ± 0.35 | 77.32 ± 0.27 |
Data are presented as number of patients (%) or mean ± standard deviation or median ± range depending on the type of variable
BMI Body mass index, SBP Systolic blood pressure, DBP Diastolic blood pressure, ppm Parts per million, FVC Forced vital capacity, FEV1 Maximum expiratory volume in the first second of a forced exhalation
aAccording to the National Occupational Classification proposed by the Spanish Society of Epidemiology and the Spanish Society of Family and Community Medicine [41]
bAccording to the WHO classifications of body weight [7]