. 2016 Dec 9;16:178. doi: 10.1186/s12890-016-0341-y

Table 3.

Multivariate linear regression analysis of lung function and anthropometric parameters, overall and separately for men and women

Variables	Male			Female			All
Variables	β	95% CI	p values	β	95% CI	p values	β	95% CI	p values
FVC % Predicted
Waist-to-height	−61.48	−98.00, −24,96	0.001	−14.76	−36.94, 7.41	0.190	−26.8	−46.61, −6.93	0.002
Waist circumference	−0.39	−0.60, −0.18	<0.001	−0.07	−0.21 0.07	0.328	−0.22	−0.34, −0.10	<0.001
BMI, continuous	−0.79	−1.19, −0.39	<0.001	−0.37	−0.67, −0.07	0.016	−0.59	−0.83, −0.34	<0.001
BMI categorization^a
< 25.0 kg/m²	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
25.0–29.9 kg/m²	−4.67	−8.67, −0.66	0.023	−1.51	−4.94, 1.92	0.388	−4.21	−6.81, −1.60	0.002
≥ 30.0 kg/m²	−9.19	−13.82, −4.54	<0.001	−3.21	−7.45, 1.04	0.138	−67.25	−10.38, −4.13	<0.001
FEV1 % Predicted
Waist-to-height	−59.91	−102.94, −16.88	0.007	−2.99	−27.32, 21.34	0.808	−16.94	−39.77, 5.88	0.145
Waist circumference	−0.40	−0.65, −0.15	0.002	−0.02	−0.17, 0.13	0.787	−0.20	−0.33, −0.06	0.005
BMI, continuous	−0.52	−0.99, −0.05	0.029	−0.10	−0.41, 0.22	0.547	−0.32	−0.59, −0.04	0.024
BMI categorization^a
< 25.0 kg/m²	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
25.0–29.9 kg/m²	−0.78	−5.52, 3.96	0.609	1.43	−2.18, 5.04	0.436	−1.01	−3.95, 1.93	0.502
≥ 30.0 kg/m²	−5.39	−10.87, 0.99	0.054	0.08	−4.38, 4.54	0.971	−2.77	−6.25, 0.70	0.118
FEV1/FVC ratio
Waist-to-height	1.13	−17.93, 20.20	0.907	11.58	1.46, 21.70	0.025	9.58	−0.16, 19.32	0.054
Waist circumference	0.01	−0.10, 0.12	0.917	0.05	−0.01, 0.12	0.113	0.02	−0.04, 0.08	0.512
BMI, continuous	0.24	0.11, 0.38	<0.001	0.31	0.11, 0.50	0.002	0.26	0.14, 0.37	<0.001
BMI categorization^a
< 25.0 kg/m²	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
25.0–29.9 kg/m²	3.76	1.79, 5.73	<0.001	2.23	0.71, 3.75	0.004	2.43	1.20, 3.65	<0.001
≥ 30.0 kg/m²	3.81	1.53, 6.09	0.001	3.10	1.17, 4.93	0.002	2.89	1.42, 4.36	<0.001

Adjusted by social class, smoking cumulative consumption, physical activity, alcohol consumption, medical history hypertension, diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia

FVC Forced vital capacity, FEV1 Maximum expiratory volume in the first second of a forced exhalation; β: regression coefficient for each exposure variable, CI Confidence interval, BMI Body mass index

^aAccording to the WHO classifications of body weight: normal weight (<25.0 kg/m²), overweight (25.0–29.9 kg/m²) and obese (≥30.0 kg/m²) [7]