Table 2.
Acutea and chronicb effects of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion and associated outcomes
| Studies | Experimental model | Dietary intervention | Main outcomes measured |
|---|---|---|---|
| Thomsen 1999 [137] |
〉 Healthy men and women | MUFAs from olive oila (80 g) | ↑ GLP-1 blood concentrations ↑ Glucose-insulinotropic peptide blood concentrations |
| Thomsen 2003 [138] |
〉 Men and women with T2D | MUFAs from olive oila (80 g) | ↑ GLP-1 blood concentrations ↓ Triglyceride blood concentrations ↑ High-density lipoprotein cholesterol blood concentrations |
| Hirasawa 2005 [136] |
〉 Male C57/B6 rats | α-linolenic acid (0.1 μmol)a | ↑ GLP-1 blood concentrations ↑ Insulin blood concentrations |
| Prieto 2005 [139] |
〉 Wistar rats | MUFAs from olive oilb,c | ↑ GLP-1 blood concentrations ↑ Glucose-stimulated insulin secretion ↑ Glucose tolerance |
| Cancelas 2006 [140] |
〉 Streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats | MUFAs from olive oilb,c | ↑ GLP-1 postprandial secretion ↑ Insulin sensitivity ↓ Weight gain |
| Adachi 2006 [142] |
〉 Male C57BL/6 J mice 〉 Diabetic male NSY mice 〉 C3H/He mice |
α-linolenic acid (0.3 μmol)a | ↑ GLP-1 blood concentrations ↑ Insulin blood concentrations ↓ Blood glucose concentrations |
| Paniagua 2007 [141] |
〉 Insulin resistant men and women | MUFAs from an olive-oil containing Mediterranean diet (23% of total energy intake)b | ↑ Postprandial GLP-1 concentrations ↑ Insulin sensitivity ↓ Postprandial insulin secretion ↓ Fasting and postprandial blood glucose concentrations |
| Tanaka 2008 [143] |
〉 Male Wistar rats | α-linolenic acid (3 μmol)a,b | ↑ GLP-1 blood concentrations ↑ pancreatic β-cell number and mass |
| Cheshmehkani 2015 [144] | 〉 Male Sprague-Dawley rats | Fish or flaxseed oilb,d
(10% of diet) |
↑ FFAR4 expression in the colon ↓ TNFα blood concentrations |
FFAR4: Free fatty acid receptor 4; GLP-1: Glucagon-like peptide-1; MUFAs: Monounsaturated fatty acids; SCFAs: Short-chain fatty acids; TNFα: Tumour necrosis factor α
a Acute effect (5 minutes post-consumption)
b Chronic effect (28 to 50 days of consumption)
c Specific MUFA content not known
d weight : weight proportion