Table 1. U.S.-Mexico Study on Alcohol and Related Conditions (UMSARC).

Characteristics of border and non-border lifetime alcohol or drug users in each country (N=3513) In percentages (data are weighted)

	US Non-Border	US Border	MX Non-Border	MX Border
N =	658	1289	486	1080
Predisposing Factors
Gender (male)	54.1	52.7	63.3	60.3
Age
18–29	30.7	29.9	30.4	32.6
30–49	44.9	49.4	49.7	52.1
50+	24.4	20.7	19.9	15.3
Education
Less than high school	32.7	33.2	59.9	71.8***
High school graduate	22.2	19.0	10.0	16.6
Some college/college graduate	45.1	47.9	30.1	11.6
Need Factors
Alcohol use disorder (lifetime)
None	57.4	62.5+	75.0	83.0**
Mild	20.2	18.5	12.7	9.7
Moderate	12.1	8.3	6.0	3.6
Severe	10.2	10.7	6.2	3.6
Drug use/problems (lifetime)
No drug use	46.8	59.2***	88.1	86.6
Illicit drug use/no problems1	33.1	25.0	9.7	9.2
Drug-related problems2	20.1	15.8	2.2	4.2
Enabling Factors
Employment
Working FT/PT	61.8	71.1**	66.5	72.4*
Unemployed3	13.4	9.7	7.7	3.6
Not in labor force4	24.7	19.2	25.8	24.0
Health insurance
None	47.7	59.0**	8.6	9.0
Public	12.1	8.5	73.3	79.5
Private/other	40.1	32.5	18.2	11.5
Border-salient
Neighborhood insecurity	19.4	16.4	46.7	32.2**
Drug environment	28.1	30.4	40.0	38.1
Born abroad (US respondents)	25.2	34.4**
Migrant experience (MX respondents)5			6.4	15.2

¹Used illicit drugs but did not report either of the two drug-related problems asked about

²Reported one or both of the drug-related problems asked about

³Includes looking for work or not looking

⁴Includes homemaker, student, retired, or disabled

⁵Personal or family-member history of migration to the US

⁺p≤.10 for difference between border and non-border within each country; p values determined by Rao-Scott chi-square test

^*p≤.05

^**p≤.01

^***p≤.001