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. 2016 Dec 12;6:257. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2016.00257

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Glutamine in cancer cell metabolism. At various stages, glutamine plays critical roles in the metabolic skewing within cancer cells. The reason may be its central place in pathways associated with Warburg’s anabolism (via NADPH), energy generation during deadhesion, and hypoxic responses. Through its connection to NADPH production, glutamine also maintains the cellular redox balance via glutathione regeneration.