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. 2016 Dec 12;7:621. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00621

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Copyright © 2016 Khaziev, Samigullin, Zhilyakov, Fatikhov, Bukharaeva, Verkhratsky and Nikolsky.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Modulation of [Ca²⁺]_i transient by muscarine and nicotine. (A) [Ca²⁺]_i transient in the presence of carbachol (10 μM) after pre-treatment with the mixture of atropine (1 μM) and d-tubocurarine (10 μM). (B) Average amplitudes of [Ca²⁺]_i transient normalized to the control in the presence of nicotine (10 μM); in the presence of nicotine after pre-treatment with d-tubocurarine (10 μM); in the presence of muscarine (10 μM); in the presence of muscarine after pre-treatment with atropine (1 μM), in the presence of carbachol (10 μM) after pre-treatment with d-tubocurarine (10 μM), in the presence of carbachol (10 μM) after pre-treatment with atropine (1 μM) and in the presence of carbachol after pre-treatment with the mixture of atropine (1 μM) and d-tubocurarine (10 μM). Abbreviations: d-TC, d-tubocurarine; Atr, atropine; CCh, carbachol; Nic, nicotine (10 μM); Musc, muscarine (10 μM). ^*P < 0.05 vs. control saline; n = 4–7.