Figure 2.

Metformin increased adenosine triphosphate-induced inflammasome activation in bone marrow-derived macrophages. (A) Cells were treated as described in Figure 1. Indicated protein levels in both cell lysates and supernatants were evaluated by western blotting. β-Tubulin was used as a loading control for cell lysates. (B–D) The quantitative analyses of the active caspase-1p10 (B), mature interleukin-1β (C), and HMGB1 (D) levels in the supernatants (A) are shown. Data are shown as mean ± SD (n = 3). One representative experiment from three independently performed experiments with similar results is shown. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; and ***P < 0.001.