FIGURE 1.

Experimental set up. (A) The participants are placed in separate locations and can only interact with each other by means of a minimal haptic human–computer interface that provides all-or-nothing vibratory feedback depending on whether a player’s avatar overlaps with another virtual object or not. (B) The virtual space consists of an invisible 1D circle that wraps over after 600 units of space and in which players can encounter three different objects of equal size: the other’s avatar, the other’s shadow, and a static object. Adapted from Froese et al. (2014a).