Table 2.

Univariable and multivariable analysis of risk factors for detecting unresectable perihilar cholangiocarcinoma at staging laparoscopy

Variable	Patients	Univariable analysis		Multivariable analysis
	[n (%)]	OR (95 % CI)	p value	OR (95 % CI)	p value
Jaundice at presentation	235 (86.1)	1.6 (0.5–4.7)	0.407	–
CA19-9	–	1.0 (1.0–1.0)	0.764	–
Bismuth–Corlette type				–
I	12 (4.4)	Reference
II	20 (7.3)	1.7 (0.3–10.3)	0.583
IIIa	112 (41.0)	0.7 (0.1–3.3)	0.612
IIIb	60 (22.0)	0.6 (0.1–3.2)	0.507
IV	64 (23.4)	1.3 (0.3–6.5)	0.771
Left or right duct	5 (1.8)	3.3 (0.3–34.8)	0.315
Tumor size, cm
<4.5	248 (90.8)	Reference
≥4.5	25 (9.2)	3.8 (1.6–9.3)	0.004	4.1 (1.4–11.8)	0.008
Portal vein involvement
None	151 (55.3)	Reference
Unilateral	98 (35.9)	1.1 (0.5–2.4)	0.754	1.1 (0.5–2.7)	0.830
Bilateral or main stem	24 (8.8)	5.3 (2.0–13.6)	0.001	3.9 (1.3–12.2)	0.021
Hepatic artery involvement
None	175 (64.1)	Reference
Unilateral	89 (32.6)	1.5 (0.7–3.1)	0.279	1.3 (0.5–3.0)	0.564
Bilateral or main stem	9 (3.3)	9.2 (2.3–36.9)	0.002	4.2 (0.7–23.4)	0.105
Suspected lymph node metastases
None	181 (66.3)	Reference
N1	73 (26.7)	1.2 (0.5–2.7)	0.645	0.6 (0.2–1.7)	0.345
N2	19 (7.0)	8.5 (3.1–23.2)	<0.001	4.9 (1.4–16.6)	0.012
Suspected (extra)hepatic metastases	22 (8.1)	9.2 (3.7–23.2)	<0.001	9.3 (2.9–30.4)	<0.001
Lobar atrophy	63 (23.1)	0.8 (0.3–1.8)	0.558	–

Suspected metastases were suspicious metastatic lesions on imaging for which diagnosis by percutaneous biopsy was not feasible or when pathological results of biopsies were inconclusive with ongoing suspicion of metastases. N2 lymph nodes were located beyond the hepatoduodenal ligament

OR odds ratio, CI confidence interval, CA19-9 carbohydrate antigen 19-9