Table 3.

Meditation retreat effects on well-being and personality.

	Retreatants					Controls
	Pre	Post	pa	d	Δ%	Pre	Post	pb	d	Δ%	pc
Positive-affect1,3	31.95 (5.83)	34.90 (6.35)	0.013	−0.57	9.2	30.79 (5.02)	30.32 (2.79)	0.428	0.12	−1.5	0.001
Negative-affect1,3	17.95 (6.63)	16.16 (6.65)	0.298	0.25	−10.0	17.79 (5.94)	17.63 (5.71)	0.660	0.11	−0.9	0.319
Balance-affect1,3	14.00 (10.01)	18.74 (11.22)	0.048	−0.45	33.9	13.00 (9.24)	12.68 (7.01)	0.678	0.07	−2.5	0.019
Life-satisfaction1,2,3	21.68 (7.63)	23.21 (4.60)	0.228	−0.34	7.1	21.05 (5.94)	21,95 (5.14)	0.293	−0.26	4.3	0.392
Novelty-seeking1,2,3	22.16 (3.59)	21.63 (6.97)	0.711	0.10	−2.4	20.74 (3.38)	20.68 (3.51)	0.921	0.03	−0.3	0.840
Harm-avoidance1,2,3	21.00 (6.24)	20.11 (6.25)	0.098	−0.51	−4.2	22.37 (5.62)	22.00 (5.15)	0.505	0.16	−1.7	0.360
Reward-dependence1,2,3	21.89 (6.70)	18.95 (6.25)	0.002	0.80	−13.4	23.00 (5.86)	23.26 (5.35)	0.635	−0.11	1.1	0.001
Persistence1,2,3	23.37 (4.15)	25.89 (4.38)	0.015	−0.62	10.8	24.84 (5.10)	25.74 (5.69)	0.255	−0.28	3.6	0.282
Self-directedness1,3	19.95 (6.15)	16.16 (4.61)	0.008	0.70	−19.0	20.95 (4.73)	20.32 (3.59)	0.293	0.28	−3.0	0.001
Cooperativeness1,2,3	30.37 (5.06)	32.26 (4.28)	0.004	−0.79	6.2	30.26 (4.40)	28.53 (3.35)	0.098	0.41	−5.7	<0.001
Self-trascendence1,2,3	28.53 (6.36)	29.26 (6.92)	0.374	−0.21	2.6	27.53 (6.05)	29.21 (5.76)	0.106	−0.40	6.1	0.540

Pre-, mean (SD) at pre-test. Post-, mean (SD) at post-test. d, Cohen's d. Δ%, percentage increment.

^apre-post t-contrast for retreat group.

^bpre-post t-contrast for control group.

^cANCOVA for repeated measures using basal levels as covariate. Assumptions:

¹independent samples.

²homoscedasticity.

³normality.