Figure 3.

GrA enhances Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-induced proinflammatory cytokine release from monocytes. Human monocytes were incubated with GrA (500 nM) with or without Pam3cys (P3C; 10 ng/ml) for 6 h. Tumor necrosis factor-α(TNFα) (a) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) (b) levels in the culture supernatants were determined. Data are expressed as mean±S.D. and are representative of four independent experiments with normal donors (*P<0.05; **P<0.01, compared with P3C only control).