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. 2016 Dec 12;10:631. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00631
Condition Explicit motor timing (Paced and self-paced finger tapping [PFT and S-PFT]; repetitive wrist movements; time reproduction tasks) Explicit perceptual timing (Time production/estimation and time discrimination tasks) Implicit motor timing (Temporal expectation tasks; in musician's dystonia: time analysis of performed musical scales or finger tapping performance on keyboard) Implicit perceptual timing (Temporal expectation tasks)
Parkinson's disease • Reduced accuracy for both sub-second and supra-second intervals
• Inconsistent changes in performance variability (increased on PFT tasks, decreased with time reproduction)
• Inconsistent effects of dopaminergic medication on performance
• Reduced accuracy for suprasecond intervals (evidence of improvement with dopaminergic medication, which needs to be replicated) • No obvious changes • Not explored
Huntington's disease • Reduced accuracy and increased performance variability observed more consistently for supra-second intervals, with changes observed in symptomatic and pre-symptomatic subjects (in the latter, performance changes increase as estimated years to onset decrease) • Reduced accuracy for suprasecond intervals • Not explored • Not explored
Dystonia • No obvious changes on PFT tasks • No obvious changes • In musician's dystonia, reduced accuracy of the affected hand
• Variable finger tapping performance on keyboard, depending on finger affected
• In writer's cramp and cervical dystonia, reduced accuracy on temporal prediction of hand motion, but not of inanimate object motion
Tourette syndrome • Reduced accuracy on time reproduction tasks for supra-second intervals, with performance variability influenced by dopamine D2 receptor blockers • No obvious changes • Not explored • Not explored