Fig. 1.

Schematic inference on the start date and the rate of RPD under one particular demographic model. The coalescence simulations were conducted conditional on the sample sizes, the numbers of loci, the pattern of missing data, the generation times, the census sizes, the species distributions, and the years of sampling. The data were summarized as the relative difference in four genetic diversity measurements between two species groups. The species categorized as near threatened (NT) and least concern (LC) are treated as the nonthreatened species. The threatened species include those listed as critically endangered (CR), endangered (EN), and vulnerable (VU) (6). The uncategorized species include those that are listed as data deficient and have not been evaluated by the IUCN.