Fig. 5.

The performance of devices with different water quantity. (A) Schematics of devices using beakers with the same diameter (∼2.6 cm) but different water height; 1.3 cm, 5 cm, and 10 cm in height correspond to 7 mL, 26.5 mL, and 53 mL in volume, respectively. (B) Mass changes over time with the 2D water path device using different water quantity. (C) Mass changes over time with direct bulk water contact device using different water quantity. (D) The dependence of the efficiency on the water quantity, for 2D water path (black curve) and direct bulk water contact (red curve).