Table S1.
Selected features of the AOA strains and genomes used in this study
| Strains | N. gargensis Ga9.2 | N. viennensis EN76 | N. evergladensis SR1 | N. maritimus SCM1 | N. koreensis MY1 | N. brevis CN25 | N. devanaterra Nd1 |
| Order | Nitrososphaerales | Nitrososphaerales | Nitrososphaerales | Nitrosopumilales | Nitrosopumilales | Nitrosopumilales | Nitrosotaleales |
| Family | Nitrososphaeraceae | Nitrososphaeraceae | Nitrososphaeraceae | Nitrosopumilaceae | Nitrosopumilaceae | Nitrosopelagicaceae | Nitrosotaleaceae |
| Culture | Yes (pure) | Yes (pure) | Yes (enrichment) | Yes (pure) | Yes (enrichment) | Yes (enrichment) | Yes (pure) |
| Source | Microbial mat | Garden soil | Agricultural soil | Marine aquarium gravel | Rhizosphere soil | Subtropical surface ocean | Acidic agricultural soil |
| Genome size (Mb) | 2.83 | 2.53 | 2.95 | 1.65 | 1.61 | 1.23 | 1.81 |
| CDS NCBI (protein coding) | 3,565 | 3,123 | 3,499 | 1,796 | 1,810 | 1,445 | 2,103 |
| GC, % | 48.4 | 52.7 | 50 | 34.2 | 32.7 | 33 | 37.7 |
| Reference culture | Hatzenpichler et al. (104) | Stieglmeier et al. (17) | Zhalnina et al. (29) | Könneke et al. (10) | Jung et al. (35) | Santoro et al. (105) | Lehtovirta-Morley (106) |
| Reference genome | Spang et al. (28) | This study | Zhalnina et al. (29) | Walker et al. (26) | Kim et al. (27) | Santoro et al. (30) | Lehtovirta-Morley et al. (31) |
| Genome accession number | CP002408 | CP007536 | CP007174 | CP000866 | AFPU00000000 | CP007026 | ERS884509 |