Figure 7. TUG1 is a critical mediator of stemness and tumorigenicity in GSC in vivo.

(a) Expression level of TUG1 in normal brain and GBM tissues (n=24). The line inside the box represents the median, and the bottom and the top of the box are the first and the third quartiles, respectively. The whiskers indicate the range of the data. P<0.001, Student's t-test. (b–e) Representation of RNA-FISH analysis of TUG1 and Notch1 in GBM tissues. (b) Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining of GBM section. Scale bars, 100 μm. (c,d) RNA-FISH analysis of TUG1 and Notch1 in tumour cells around area c (perivascular region) and area d (distant from blood vessel) in panel b. Nuclei are stained with DAPI. Scale bars, 10 μm. (e) Frequency of TUG1-positive cells in GBM specimens. Cell counts from multiple regions were averaged. Error bars indicate s.d. (f) GSC-pE-Nes-222 was transplanted intracranially in NOD/SCID mice. After 30 days of transplantation, CTRL-DDS or TUG1-DDS were intravenous injected twice a week for 4 weeks. RO4929097 was administered orally five times a week for 4 weeks. (g) Quantification of tumour volume at 4 weeks post treatment (left) and RNA expression levels of TUG1 in the tumour cells of mouse xenograft (right). Relative expression levels to that in CTRL-DDS-treated tumour are indicated on the y-axis (n=4). Error bars indicate s.e.m. *P<0.01, **P<0.001, Kruskal–Wallis analysis. (h) Representative HE-stained whole brain sections at 4 weeks post treatment. Tumour areas are surrounded by red dotted line. Scale bars, 1 mm.