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. 2016 Dec 7;7:13698. doi: 10.1038/ncomms13698

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Copyright © 2016, The Author(s)

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in the credit line; if the material is not included under the Creative Commons license, users will need to obtain permission from the license holder to reproduce the material. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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(a) Schematic representation of three modes of jump: pre-takeoff closing, post-takeoff closing and meniscus breaking jumps. (b,c) Enlarged images of the leg and dimple in a post-takeoff closing jump (h_m=2.5 mm) and a meniscus breaking jump (h_m>3.9 mm): (b) the leg that does not reach the sinking depth leaves the surface unpenetrated, (c) the leg pierces the surface just below the sinking depth. The red arrow at 3 ms indicates the rupture point of the water surface. The pre-takeoff closing jump was not observed in the experiments.