Fig. 8.

Chromosomes at prometaphase/metaphase. (Top) Mitotic chromosomes of T. grandiflorum (acetocarmine preparations; figures 19–24 of ref. 29). (Middle and Bottom) Human chromosomes stained to reveal axes (30) and end-to-end and axis lengths for corresponding total chromosome complements (details in Supporting Text, which is published as supporting information on the PNAS web site). [Reproduced with permission from, respectively: (Top) ref. 29 (Copyright 1941, NRC Research Press); (Middle and Bottom) ref. 30 (Copyright 1968, Springer-Verlag GmbH & Co.).]