Table 1. Cholinesterase inhibitory and metal-chelating activities of ethanol extracts of Citrus sp. and Olea europaea at mass concentration of 500 µg/mL (unless otherwise stated).
| Species | Plant part |
Y % |
Inhibition against AChEa % |
Inhibition against BChEa % |
Metal-chelating capacity % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrus aurantium | albedo | 5.87 | – | 7.7±0.7**** | – |
| flavedo | 8.48 | – | 54.0±0.8**** | – | |
| leaf | 22.02 | –b | 46.4±0.5**** | 10.9±0.2**** | |
| Citrus deliciosa | pericarp | 10.81 | – | 34.2±0.8**** | – |
| Citrus limon ‘Interdonato’ | albedo | 11.74 | – | 51.6±1.9**** | – |
| flavedo | 13.83 | – | – | – | |
| Citrus limon ‘Kara Limon’ | albedo | 14.17 | – | 19.6±0.3**** | – |
| flavedo | 20.86 | – | 47.0±1.4**** | – | |
| Citrus limon ‘Cyprus’ | albedo | 7.23 | – | 27.8±5.8**** | – |
| flavedo | 14.56 | – | 70.3±1.1** | – | |
| Citrus maxima | albedo | 14.48 | – | 23.7±2.6**** | – |
| flavedo | 15.89 | – | 39.5±3.0**** | – | |
| seed | 11.42 | – | 69.9±1.9*** | – | |
| Citrus paradisi ‘Henderson’ | albedo | 12.25 | – | 28.6±2.4**** | – |
| flavedo | 26.82 | – | 46.1±2.6**** | – | |
| Citrus paradisi ‘Red Blush’ | albedo | 12.47 | – | 24.5±3.1**** | – |
| flavedo | 24.61 | – | 42.7±1.4**** | – | |
| Citrus paradisi ‘Star Ruby’ | albedo | 15.86 | – | 28.7±0.1**** | – |
| flavedo | 33.79 | – | 39.9±2.4**** | – | |
| Citrus reticulata ‘Lee’ | pericarp | 7.86 | – | 42.5±0.1**** | – |
| Citrus reticulata ‘Nova’ | pericarp | 9.37 | – | 40.4±1.4**** | – |
| Citrus reticulata ‘Blanco’ × Citrus paradisi | pericarp | 11.39 | – | 19.5±0.4**** | – |
| Citrus sinensis ‘Navelina’ | albedo | 9.49 | – | 12.3±3.3**** | – |
| flavedo | 18.00 | – | 19.5±0.3**** | – | |
| Citrus sinensis ‘Shamouti’ | albedo | 13.49 | – | 12.7±0.5**** | – |
| flavedo | 16.45 | – | 7.5±0.6**** | 12.6±0.3**** | |
| Citrus sinensis ‘Valencia Late’ | albedo | 7.56 | – | 25.2±2.8**** | – |
| flavedo | 15.36 | – | 25.6±0.4**** | – | |
| Citrus sinensis ‘Washington Navel’ | albedo | 13.27 | – | 22.6±1.4**** | – |
| flavedo | 22.80 | – | 25.6±0.1**** | – | |
| Citrus japonica | pericarp | 13.42 | – | 14.3±0.0**** | – |
| Olea europaea (Turkey) | bark | 12.53 | 5.7±1.5**** | 15.0±2.3**** | 7.0±0.0**** |
| Olea europaea (Turkey) | leaf | 26.77 | 12.0±1.4**** | 10.2±3.1**** | 4.8±2.7**** |
| Olea europaea (Cyprus) | leaf | 32.61 | 11.1±1.6**** | 11.9±2.0**** | – |
| Caffeic acidc | 6.0±2.5**** | 24.1±0.9**** | –d | ||
| Hesperidinc | 27.3±1.2**** | 17.7±4.2**** | – | ||
| Galanthaminee | 94.5±3.8 | 92.3±0.8 | |||
| EDTAf | 96.5±0.9 | ||||
aResults are expressed as mean value±standard error of the mean (N=3), bno inhibition/activity, ctested at 100 µg/mL, dnot tested, ereference for AChE and BChE inhibition assays at 100 µg/mL, freference for metal-chelating capacity assay at 100 µg/mL. *p<0.05, **p<0.01, ***p<0.001, ****p<0.0001