Table 5.

Effect of hypertensive disorders in pregnancy on small for gestational age (< 10^th percentile) and stillbirth, with modeling of effect-modification by twin pregnancy and maternal smoking, Nova Scotia, 1988–2000.

	Adjusted
	Odds ratio	95% CI	P value
Small for gestational age
Normotensive women	1.0	-	-
Gestational hypertension without proteinuria	1.5	1.4,1.6	<0.001
Gestational hypertension with proteinuria	3.7	3.3,4.1	<0.001
Pre-existing hypertension	2.5	2.1,3.0	<0.001
Twins	4.7	4.3,5.2	<0.001
Gestational hypertension without proteinuria × twins	0.7	0.6,0.9	0.01
Gestational hypertension with proteinuria × twins	0.3	0.2,0.4	<0.001
Pre-existing hypertension × twins	0.7	0.3,1.4	0.29
Smoking	2.9	2.8,3.0	<0.001
Gestational hypertension without proteinuria × smoking	1.0	0.9,1.2	0.96
Gestational hypertension with proteinuria × smoking	0.9	0.7,1.1	0.28
Pre-existing hypertension × smoking	0.6	0.4,0.8	0.002
Stillbirth
Normotensive women	1.0	-	-
Gestational hypertension without proteinuria	0.8	0.5,1.2	0.24
Gestational hypertension with proteinuria	1.4	0.6,2.9	0.42
Pre-existing hypertension	3.5	2.0,6.2	<0.001
Smoking	1.4	1.2,1.7	<0.001
Gestational hypertension without proteinuria × smoking	2.5	1.3,4.7	0.006
Gestational hypertension with proteinuria × smoking	1.8	0.4,5.3	0.33
Pre-existing hypertension × smoking	0.6	0.1,2.5	0.43

CI denotes Confidence interval.** Adjusted for smoking, maternal age, gestational diabetes, pre-existing diabetes,maternal anemia, nulliparity, marital status, drug abuse, prepregnancy weight,weight gain, antenatal steroids, twins and infant sex. ** Adjusted for smoking, maternal autoantibodies, maternal age, pre-existing diabetes, maternal anemia, prepregnancy weight and twins.