Table 1.
Baseline Characteristics of Participants by Incident Peripheral Arterial Disease Status in the Strong Heart Study, 1989–1999
| Characteristic | Incident PAD Statusa | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ABI <0.9 (n = 280) | ABI >1.4 (n = 206) | No PAD (n = 2,405) | ||||
| Mean (SE) | Median (IQR) | Mean (SE) | Median (IQR) | Mean (SE) | Median (IQR) | |
| Age, years | 58.7 (0.5) | 55.7 (0.6) | 55.6 (0.2) | |||
| % women | 70.4 (2.7) | 48.8 (3.5) | 59.9 (1.0) | |||
| Postmenopausal women,b % | 84.8 (2.6) | 75.5 (4.3) | 74.3 (1.2) | |||
| Location, % | ||||||
| Arizona | 41.8 (2.9) | 35.8 (3.3) | 32.2 (1.0) | |||
| Oklahoma | 25.7 (2.6) | 33.3 (3.3) | 33.5 (1.0) | |||
| North or South Dakota | 32.5 (2.8) | 30.8 (3.3) | 34.3 (1.0) | |||
| Less than high school education, % | 52.5 (3.0) | 48.8 (3.5) | 44.9 (1.0) | |||
| Smoking, % | ||||||
| Former smoker | 27.5 (2.7) | 42.8 (3.4) | 33.3 (1.0) | |||
| Current smoker | 41.1 (2.9) | 28.9 (3.2) | 34.5 (1.0) | |||
| Cumulative smoking, pack-years | 13.1 (1.1) | 10.3 (1.3) | 10.6 (0.4) | |||
| Body mass indexc | 30.6 (0.4) | 32.3 (0.4) | 30.8 (0.1) | |||
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 198.2 (2.3) | 187.0 (2.7) | 190.5 (0.8) | |||
| LDL cholesterol, mg/dL | 121.9 (2.0) | 110.7 (2.3) | 115.9 (0.7) | |||
| Hypertension, % | 49.6 (3.0) | 38.8 (3.4) | 35.4 (1.0) | |||
| Diabetes, % | 63.9 (2.9) | 58.7 (3.4) | 43.6 (1.0) | |||
| eGFR <60 mL/minute/1.73 m2, % | 14.3 (2.1) | 7.0 (1.8) | 7.6 (0.5) | |||
| ∑As, μg/g creatinined | 10.9 (10.0, 11.8) | 10.1 (9.2, 11.1) | 9.8 (9.5, 10.0) | |||
| iAs% | 8.0 (5.6–11.0) | 8.1 (5.8–11.0) | 7.9 (5.6–11.0) | |||
| MMA% | 14.4 (10.9–17.1) | 13.6 (10.5–17.1) | 13.7 (10.6–17.3) | |||
| DMA% | 77.4 (72.1–82.5) | 78.0 (71.9–83.3) | 78.1 (71.9–82.9) | |||
Abbreviations: ABI, ankle brachial index; DMA, dimethylarsinous acid; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; iAs, inorganic arsenic; IQR, interquartile range; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; MMA, monomethylarsonous acid; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; ∑As, sum of inorganic and methylated urinary arsenic species; SE, standard error.
a Incident PAD was defined as ABI <0.9 or ABI >1.4 in at least 1 leg.
b Subsample of women (ABI <0.9: n = 197; ABI 0.9–1.4: n = 1,441; ABI >1.4: n = 98).
c Weight (kg)/height (m)2.
d Values are presented as geometric mean (95% confidence interval).