Table 2.

Hazard Ratios for Incident Peripheral Arterial Disease (Defined as Either ABI <0.9 or ABI >1.4) According to Tertile^a of Inorganic and Methylated Urinary Arsenic Concentration in the Strong Heart Study, 1989–1999

Model and Tertile of ∑As	Incident PAD Status
	ABI <0.9		ABI >1.4
	HR	95% CI	HR	95% CI
Model 1b
1 (lowest)	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
2	1.06	0.65, 1.55	1.41	0.90, 2.26
3 (highest)	0.63	0.39, 0.92	1.63	0.99, 2.67
Model 2c
1 (lowest)	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
2	1.06	0.62, 1.56	1.40	0.80, 2.50
3 (highest)	0.57	0.32, 0.89	1.71	0.96, 3.29
Model 3d
1 (lowest)	1.00	Referent	1.00	Referent
2	1.10	0.66, 1.72	1.80	0.93, 3.35
3 (highest)	0.59	0.33, 1.04	2.40	1.11, 4.95

Abbreviations: ABI, ankle brachial index; CI, confidence interval; HR, hazard ratio; PAD, peripheral arterial disease; ∑As, sum of inorganic and methylated urinary arsenic species.

^a Tertiles 1, 2, and 3 included participants with ∑As values of ≤7.07 μg/g, 7.07–13.3 μg/g, and >13.3 μg/g, respectively.

^b Model 1 adjusted for sex and age.

^c Model 2 adjusted for sex and age and further adjusted for education, smoking, body mass index, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, diabetes, hypertension, and estimated glomerular filtration rate.

^d Model 3 adjusted for all of the variables in model 2 and further adjusted for study center.