Table 1.
General characteristics of study participants
| Characteristics of participants | HIV+ (n = 194) | HIV- (n = 51) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| General characteristics | Male1 | 94 (48.4%) | 28 (54.9%) |
| Age (years)2 | 24.0 (1.5) | 24.2 (2.4) | |
| Education (years) 2 ** | 12.1 (2.8) | 13.3 (2.6) | |
| BMI3 | 20.8 (17.0–23.9) | 21.8 (19.5–25.2) | |
| HIV infection data | Time since estimated HIV transmission (years) 3 | 23.7 (22.8–24.4) | - |
| Time since HIV-diagnosis (years) 3 | 14.8 (9.7–17.5) | - | |
| Current CD4 T-cells/μL3 | 479 (273–713) | - | |
| Nadir CD4 T cells/μL3 | 93 (22–190) | - | |
| Time since CD4 nadir (years) 3 | 6.6 (1.6–11.5) | - | |
| AIDS defining diseases1 | 173 (89.1%) | - | |
| HIV RNA plasma current log10 copies/ml3 | 1.5 (1.5–2.7) | - | |
| HIV RNA in plasma undetectable1 | 114 (58.8%) | - | |
| HIV RNA in CSF undetectable1 | 58 (85.3%); n=68 | - | |
| HIV RNA plasma zenith log10 copies/ml3 | 5.1 (4.4–5.6); n=167 | - | |
| Currently taking cART1 | 178 (91.7%) | - | |
| Duration of current cART regimen (months) 3 | 29.3 (13.1–49.4) | - | |
| Cumulative ART exposure (months) 3 | 137 (88.6–170.7) | - | |
| Data on latent toxoplasmosis | IgG Toxoplasma antibodies positive1 | 63 (32.4%) | 18 (35.3%) |
| IgG Toxoplasma antibodies levels IU/ml (among positive participants) 3 | 1090 (482–1604); n=63 | 937 (232–1291); n=18 | |
| Neurocognitive performance | Participants with NCI1 | 71 (36.5%) | 6 (11.7%) |
| GDS levels among NCI participants3 | 0.9 (0.6–1.2); n=71 | 0.8 (0.6–0.9); n=6 | |
| GDS levels among LT+ participants3 GDS scores among LT- participants3 |
0.5 (0.2–0.8); n=63 0.3 (0.1–0.6); n=131 |
0.2 (0.1–0.5); n=18 0.2 (0–0.3); n=33 |
|
| Depression1 | BDI-II depression score >13 * | 23 (11.8%) | 1 (2.0%) |
| Current major depression (MINI-Plus) Past major depression (MINI-Plus) |
6 (3.1%) 29 (14.9%) |
1 (2.0%) 7 (13.7%) |
|
| FrSBe raw scores2 | Apathy * | 26.6 (7.4) | 24.0 (6.1) |
| Disinhibition | 25.4 (7.5) | 24.3 (6.6) | |
| Executive dysfunction * | 33.2 (8.5) | 30.2 (8.2) | |
| Total * | 85.1 (20.7) | 78.4 (18.9) | |
| Suicidal risk (MINI-Plus)1 | Current * | 14 (7.2%) | 0 (0.0%) |
| Past * | 23 (11.8%) | 1 (1.9%) | |
| Risk behaviors (RAB) 3 | Injection drug risk behaviors | 0 (0–0) | 0 (0–0) |
| Sexual risk behaviors ** | 2 (0.8–4) | 4 (2–5) | |
Note: AIDS = acquired immune deficiency syndrome, BDI = Beck depression inventory, BMI = body mass index, cART = combination antiretroviral therapy, CSF = cerebrospinal fluid, FrSBe = Frontal System Behaviour Scale, GDS = global deficit score, HIV = human immunodeficiency virus, IQR = interquartile range, LT = latent toxoplasmosis, MINI-Plus = MINI-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, NCI = neurocognitive impairment, RAB = risk assessment battery, SD = standard deviation.
1
n (%),
2
Mean (standard deviation),
3
Median (interquartile range),
*
p<0.05,
**
p<0.01.