Table 3. Characteristics of studies reviewed with pneumococcal meningitis as endpoint.

First Author, year	Country	Vaccine	Study design	Case definition	Data source	Age groups*	Years of baseline data	Baseline measure (Rates p. 100,000)	Years of post PCV introduction data	Percent change/effectiveness	Statistical Significance (95% CI or p-value)
Domingues, 2014 [15, 43], Verani, 2015[16]	Brazil	PCV-10	Case-control	Pneumococcal meningitis	Cases: National laboratory surveillance; Controls: National birth registry	2m–53.1m	2010#a	158 cases and 1,219 controls	2.7#b	87·7*	61·4–96·1*
Grando, 2015 [20]	Brazil	PCV-10	Before-after	Pneumococcal meningitis	National passive surveillance system	<12m	2007–2009	7.38	2	36.6	NR
						12-23m		2.14		61.2	NR
						24-36m		0.83		13.3	NR
				Pneumococcal meningitis deaths		<12m		3.47		65.1	NR
						12-23m		0.63		56.8	NR
						24-36m		0.36		55.4	NR
Hirose, 2015 [19]	Brazil	PCV-10	Before-after	Pneumococcal meningitis	National passive surveillance system	<12m	1998–2009	14.85	2	62.8	<0.001
						12-23m		1.86		51.6	<0.001
						0-23m		6.21		59.9	<0.001
				Pneumococcal meningitis deaths		<12m		4.59		77.3	<0.001
						12-23m		0.57		68.4	<0.001
						0-23m		1.92		75.5	<0.001
Azevedo, 2015 [41] POSTER ONLY	Brazil	PCV-10	Before-after	Pneumococcal meningitis	Hospital based surveillance	0–2 yrs	2008–2010	4.23	3	48	-9–75
				VT-PCV-13 Pneumococcal meningitis		0–2 yrs				77	20–94
Liphaus, 2012 [42] POSTER ONLY	Brazil	PCV-10	Before-after	Pneumococcal meningitis	National passive surveillance system	<24m	2001–2009	10.2	1	50	p<0.001

* Age groups with results of interest for this study

#a: Start of case detection

#b: Duration of follow-up/case detection