Table 2.
Factors associated with positive stool culture
| Factor | n | Stool culture positivity OR (95%CI) |
Stool culture positivity aOR* (95%CI) |
P values for aOR |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pulmonary TB | 1693 | |||
| No pulmonary TB | 1487 | Reference | Reference | |
| Smear-negative TB | 112 | 56.1 (25.7–132.8) | 26.3 (11.9–57.9) | <0.001† |
| Smear-positive: 1+‡ | 53 | 188.0 (78.9–486.0) | 60.1 (22.8–158.7) | <0.001† |
| Smear-positive: ≥2+§ | 41 | 386.9 (145.9–>1000.0) | 178.7 (58.5–545.6) | <0.001† |
| Extra-pulmonary TB | 1672 | 32.9 (18.9–57.9) | 2.1 (1.0–4.6) | 0.052 |
| Age, year | 1693 | 1.0 (1.0–1.0) | 1.0 (0.9–1.0) | 0.24 |
| Sex | 1693 | |||
| Female | 804 | Reference | Reference | |
| Male | 889 | 2.5 (1.6–4.0) | 1.2 (0.7–2.3) | 0.53 |
| Study site | 1693 | |||
| Cambodia | 720 | Reference | Reference | |
| Thailand | 618 | 0.3 (0.1–0.6) | 0.9 (0.4–2.3) | 0.88 |
| Viet Nam | 355 | 2.8 (1.8–4.5) | 3.9 (1.8–8.2) | <0.001† |
| BMI, kg/m2, median, [IQR] | 1692 | 0.8 [0.7–0.8] | 0.9 [0.8–1.0] | 0.04† |
| CXR with any abnormality | 1651 | 11.7 (7.3–19.2) | 1.7 (0.9–3.4) | 0.12 |
| CD4 count, cells/μl | 1693 | |||
| ≥500 | 274 | Reference | Reference | |
| 200–<500 | 733 | 1.6 (0.6–5.4) | 1.1 (0.3–3.5) | 0.91 |
| 100–<200 | 238 | 4.1 (1.4–14.5) | 1.5 (0.4–5.2) | 0.54 |
| <100 | 448 | 8.0 (3.2–25.8) | 1.6 (0.5–5.0) | 0.44 |
*
Adjusted for sex, age, study site, BMI, abnormal CXR and CD4 count.
†
P < 0.05.
‡
1+ = smear-positive, 4–99 AFB/100 fields.
§
≥2+ = smear-positive, >100 AFB/100 fields.
OR = odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; aOR = adjusted OR; TB = tuberculosis; BMI = body mass index; IQR = interquartile range; CXR = chest X-ray; AFB = acid-fast bacilli.