Table 5. Potentially Useful Measures of LA Mechanics.

LA phasic volumes	LA maximum volume (end-ventricular systole) LA pre-atrial contraction volume (start of atrial systole) LA minimum volume (end-atrial systole)
LA ejection fraction	Total LA emptying fraction (LA reservoir function) Passive LA emptying fraction (LA conduit function) Active LA emptying fraction (LA contractile function)
Doppler echo	Mitral inflow E velocity Mitral inflow A velocity E’ mitral annulus tissue Doppler velocity A’ mitral annulus tissue Doppler velocity
Strain (ε)	εtotal (LA reservoir function) εpositive (LA conduit function) εnegative (LA contractile function)
Strain rate (SR)	SRpositive(LA reservoir function) SRearly negative(LA conduit function) SRlate negative(LA contractile function)