Table 2. Summary of studies in primary prevention of AF.
N=number of patients, Yr=year, F/U=follow up, a/w=associated with, hx=history, cvd=cardiovascular disease, AF=atrial fibrillation
| Study (Year) | Design (N) | Active Group | Reference Group | Age (Yr) | F/U (Yr) | Outcome | Favors PUFA |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mozaffarian[44] (2004) | Prospective, cohort, (4,815) | tuna and broiled/baked fish 1-4 times/wk | 1 time/month | 73 | 12 | 28% lower risk with intake 1-4 times/wk, 31% with ≥5x/wk | Yes |
| The Danish Diet, Cancer, and Health Study[45] (2005) | Prospective, cohort, (47,949) | quintile 2-5 | quintile 1 | 56 | 5.7 | Consumption of fish was not a/w reduction of risk of AF/flutter | No |
| Physician Health Study[70] (2006) | Prospective, cohort, no hx of cvd, (17,679) | Ate fish≥5 meals/wk | Ate <1 time/mo | 15 | 7.1% developed AF during f/u, Fish consumption a/w risk of AF | No | |
| The Rotterdam Study[46] (2006) | Prospective, cohort, (5,148) | tertile 3 | tertile 1 | 67 | 6.4 | No association of EPA, DHA or fish to AF, >20 g/d fish no effect vs. no fish | No |
| Macchia[71] (2008) | Population study, (2,239,205) | PUFA use | no PUFA use | 65 | 1 | PUFA reduced both all cause mortality and incidence of AF in pt hospitalized with MI | Yes |
| Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study[16] (2009) | Prospective, cohort, (2,174) | quartile 4 | quartile 1 | 42-60 | 17.7 | Increased PUFA levels protect against AF, relationship stronger if no CHF/MI, only DHA a/w risk of AF | Yes |
| The Women's Health Initiative[47] (2010) | Cohort, (44,720) | quartile 4 | quartile 1 | 63 | 6 | No evidence of association with fish or PUFA and incident AF | No |