Figure 2. Ionic bases of altered E-C coupling in AF. A) Simulated time courses of human atrial APs and contributing ionic currents are shown for sinus rhythm and cAF. Currents are listed on the left (with changes in cAF vs. sinus rhythm), and the genes encoding the channels are shown on the right. B) Simulated human atrial Ca2+ transients for sinus rhythm and cAF are shown with NCX and NKA currents (with changes in cAF vs. sinus rhythm on the left). C) Schematic representation of a human atrial myocyte illustrating the cAF-induced changes in Ca2+ handling proteins.
