Table 1.
Characteristics of all published randomized control trials evaluating the use of probiotic supplementation on standard triple therapy in Helicobacter pylori eradication (1966–2016)
| Study | Antibiotic regimen and duration | Probiotic | Method of diagnosing H. pylori | Method of detecting H. pylori eradication | Age | Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Akcam et al35 | Lansoprazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin (14 days) | L. acidophilus, L. casei, Bifidobacterium | Histology | UBT | Children | Turkey |
| Bin et al36 | Omeprazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin (or metronidazole) (14 days) | S. boulardii | Serology, histology | UBT | Children | China |
| Hauser et al37 | Omeprazole or pantoprazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin (or metronidazole) (14 days) | L. rhamnosus GG, Bifidobacterium | Histology, UBT, stool antigen | Rapid urease test, UBT, or stool antigen | Adults | Croatia |
| Ma et al38 | Omeprazole, clarithromycin, metronidazole (7 days) | L. acidophilus | Histology | UBT, histology, union of ulcer | Adults | China |
| Emara et al39 | Omeprazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin (14 days) | L. reuteri | Stool antigen, histology | Stool antigen, histology | Adults | Egypt |
| Francavilla et al40 | PPI, clarithromycin, amoxicillin (7 days) | L. reuteri | UBT, serology of gastrin-17, histology | UBT | Adults | Italy |
| Srinarong et al41 | Lansoprazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin, bismuth (7 or 14 days) | B. lactis, L. acidophilus, L. paracasei | Histology | UBT | Adults | Thailand |
| Wang et al31 | PPI, clarithromycin, amoxicillin (or metronidazole) (14 days) | L. acidophilus, B. bifidum | UBT | UBT | Children | China |
| Navarro-Rodriguez et al19 | Lansoprazole, furazolidone, tetracycline (7 days) | L. acidophilus, L. rhamnosus, B. bifidum, S. faecium | UBT and histology | UBT or histology | Adults | Brazil |
| Du et al42 | Omeprazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin (7 days) | L. acidophilus | UBT and histology | UBT | Adults | China |
| Mirzaee and Rezahosseini43 | Pantoprazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin (7 days) | Probiotic yogurt | UBT | UBT | Adults | Iran |
| Bekar et al44 | Lansoprazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin (14 days) | Kefir | UBT | UBT | Adults | Turkey |
| Deguchi et al45 | Rabeprazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin (7 days) | Yogurt – L. gasseri | Histology, culture | UBT and stool antigen | Adults | Japan |
| Medeiros et al46 | Esomeprazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin (8 days) | L. acidophilus | Histology | UBT | Adults | Portugal |
| Song et al47 | Omeprazole, clarithromycin amoxicillin (7 days) | S. boulardii | Histology | UBT | Adults | Korea |
| Yasar et al48 | Pantoprazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin (7 days) | Bifidobacterium | Histology | UBT | Adults | Turkey |
| Hurduc et al49 | Omeprazole or esomeprazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin (7–10 days) | S. boulardii | Histology | Histology | Children | Romania |
| Szajewska et al50 | Omeprazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin (7 days) | L. rhamnosus GG | UBT, histology, rapid urease test | UBT | Children | Poland |
| Kim et al51 | PPI, clarithromycin, amoxicillin (7 days) | L. acidophilus, L. casei, B. longum, S. thermophiles | UBT, histology, rapid urease test | UBT | Adults | Korea |
| Scaccianoce et al52 | Lansoprazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin (7 days) | L. reuteri, L. plantarum, L. casei, B. infantis, B. longum, L. salivarius, L. acidophilus, S. termophilus, L. sporogenes | Histology | UBT | Adults | Italy |
| Cindoruk et al53 | Lansoprazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin (14 days) | S. boulardii | Histology | UBT | Adults | Turkey |
| Goldman et al54 | Omeprazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin (7 days) | L. casei, B. animalis | Histology, UBT | UBT | Children | Argentina |
| Ziemniak55 | PPI, clarithromycin, amoxicillin (10 days) | L. acidophilus, L. rhamnosus | Histology and UBT | UBT | Adults | Poland |
| Myllyluoma et al56 | Lansoprazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin (7 days) | L. rhamnosus GG, L. rhamnosus, P. freudenreichii, B. breve | Rapid whole blood test, UBT, serology | UBT | Adults | Finland |
| Sykora et al57 | Omeprazole, clarithromycin amoxicillin (7 days) | L. casei | Histology, rapid urease test, culture, stool antigen | UBT, stool antigen | Children | Czech Republic |
| Nista et al58 | Rabeprazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin (7 days) | B. clausii | UBT | UBT | Adults | Italy |
| Cremonini et al15 | Rabeprazole, tinidazole, amoxicillin (7 days) | L. rhamnosus GG, S. boulardii, L. acidophilus | UBT | UBT | Adults | Italy |
| Sheu et al59 | Lansoprazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin (7 days) | Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium | Histology and rapid urease test | UBT | Adults | Taiwan |
| Armuzzi et al60 | Pantoprazole, tinidazole clarithromycin (7 days) | L. rhamnosus GG | UBT, IgG antibodies | UBT | Adults | Italy |
| Canducci et al61 | Rabeprazole, clarithromycin, amoxicillin (7 days) | L. acidophilus | UBT, histology | UBT | Adults | Italy |
Abbreviations: B, Bifidobacterium; L, Lactobacillus; P, Propionibacterium; PPI, proton-pump inhibitor; S, Saccharomyces; UBT, urea breath test.