Table 1.
Clinical characteristics of patients with hypertension in relation to frailty syndrome
| Variable | Total N=296 |
% | Frail N=198 |
% | Non-frail N=98 |
% | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tilburg frailty indicator, M ± SD | 6.11±3.12 | 9.33±0.5 | 3.21±3.06 | <0.001 | |||
| Physical components, M ± SD | 3.31±2.21 | 5.78±1.7 | 2.56±1.8 | ||||
| Psychological components, M ± SD | 1.79±1.07 | 2.83±0.7 | 1.03±0.4 | ||||
| Social components, M ± SD | 1.02±0.83 | 1.86±0.6 | 0.84±0.3 | ||||
| Duration of hypertension, M ± SD | 12.3±8.8 | 12.6±9.0 | 11.7±8.2 | 0.362 | |||
| Comorbidities | |||||||
| Diabetes mellitus | 108 | 36.5% | 79 | 39.9% | 29 | 29.6% | 0.084 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 77 | 26.0% | 56 | 28.3% | 21 | 21.4% | 0.204 |
| Renal insufficiency | 48 | 16.2% | 33 | 16.7% | 15 | 15.3% | 0.759 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 74 | 25.0% | 52 | 26.3% | 22 | 22.4% | 0.466 |
| Diary of self-control blood pressure | |||||||
| Yes | 168 | 56.8% | 118 | 59.6% | 50 | 51.0% | 0.202 |
| Frequency of taking drugs | 0.044 | ||||||
| More often than once a day | 86 | 45.3% | 64 | 47.8% | 22 | 39.3% | |
| Once a day | 104 | 54.8% | 70 | 52.2% | 34 | 60.7% | |
| Knowledge of complications of untreated hypertension | 164 | 55.4% | 111 | 56.1% | 53 | 54.1% | 0.843 |
| Knowledge of drug side effects | 104 | 35.1% | 69 | 34.8% | 35 | 35.7% | 0.986 |
| Classification of blood pressure level according to ESC | 0.004 | ||||||
| Normal | 21 | 7.1% | 11 | 5.6% | 10 | 10.2% | |
| High normal | 53 | 17.9% | 20 | 12.1% | 29 | 29.6% | |
| Grade I hypertension | 148 | 53.4% | 109 | 55% | 39 | 39.8% | |
| Grade II hypertension | 74 | 25% | 54 | 27.3% | 20 | 20.4% | |
| Drugs taken | |||||||
| Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors | 132 | 44.6% | 85 | 42.9% | 47 | 48% | 0.107 |
| β-Blockers | 82 | 27.7% | 61 | 30.8% | 21 | 21.4% | 0.045 |
| Angiotensin II receptor antagonist | 17 | 5.7% | 15 | 7.6% | 2 | 2.0% | 0.064 |
| Thiazide-like diuretics | 55 | 18.6% | 32 | 16.2% | 23 | 23.5% | 0.502 |
| Calcium antagonists | 91 | 30.7% | 57 | 28.8% | 34 | 34.7% | 0.313 |
| Type of therapy | |||||||
| Monotherapy | 169 | 57.1% | 109 | 55.1% | 60 | 61.2% | 0.627 |
| Polypharmacy | 96 | 32.4% | 75 | 37.9% | 21 | 21.4% | 0.047 |
Notes: Use of the ©MMAS is protected by US and International copyright laws. Permission for use is required. A license agreement is available from: Donald E Morisky, ScD, ScM, MSPH, Professor, Department of Community Health Sciences, UCLA School of Public Health, 650 Charles E. Young Drive South, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1772.30–32
Abbreviations: N, sample size; P, significance level; ESC, European Society of Cardiology; M, mean; SD, standard deviation.