Table 4.
Characteristics of patients with concordant versus upgraded Gleason groups
| Characteristic | Concordant (a)n = 2,891) | Upgraded (n = 1,662) | Pb) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age at diagnosis (y) | 62.1 | 61.5 | 0.003 |
| Year of diagnosis (biopsy) | |||
| 2009 | 239 (8.3) | 164 (9.8) | < 0.001 |
| 2010 | 268 (9.3) | 194 (11.7) | |
| 2011 | 601 (20.8) | 364 (21.9) | |
| 2012 | 633 (21.9) | 397 (23.9) | |
| 2013 | 603 (20.8) | 318 (19.1) | |
| 2014 | 547 (18.9) | 225 (13.5) | |
| Diagnostic method | |||
| TRUS | 2620 (90.9) | 1535 (92.4) | 0.004 |
| TURP | 46 (1.6) | 39 (2.3) | |
| Transperineal biopsy | 215 (7.5) | 87 (5.2) | |
| Preoperative PSA level (ng/mL) | 7.6 | 7.4 | 0.5 |
| Clinical categories, | |||
| cT1 | 1280 (56.6) | 814 (60.4) | 0.01 |
| cT2 | 857 (37.9) | 485 (35.9) | |
| cT3/4 | 125 (5.5) | 49 (3.6) | |
| No. of biopsy cassettes | 8.01 | 8.02 | 0.8 |
| No. of positive biopsy cassettes | 3.5 | 3.2 | < 0.001 |
| Positive biopsy cassettes (%) | |||
| < 25 | 502 (17.9) | 419 (26.1) | < 0.001 |
| 25–64.2 | 1,592 (56.8) | 870 (54.1) | |
| > 64.2 | 709 (25.3) | 318 (19.8) | |
| Interval between biopsy & surgery (d) | |||
| < 40 | 796 (27.5) | 280 (16.8) | < 0.001 |
| 40–99 | 1,509 (52.3) | 744 (44.8) | |
| > 99 | 582 (20.2) | 638 (38.4) | |
| Surgical approach | |||
| robot-assisted laparoscopic RP | 1,538 (53.8) | 916 (55.3) | 0.2 |
| Laparoscopic prostatectomy | 191 (6.7) | 91 (5.5) | |
| Open prostatectomy | 1,127 (39.5) | 650 (39.2) | |
| Hospital where RP performed | |||
| Private/private | 2192 (79.8) | 1119 (72.3) | < 0.001 |
| Private/public | 105 (3.8) | 70 (4.5) | |
| Public/private | 80 (2.9) | 82 (5.3) | |
| Public/public | 368 (13.4) | 276 (17.8) | |
| Hospital where biopsy/RP performed | |||
| Metropolitan/Metropolitan | 2,293 (82.3) | 1244 (78.8) | < 0.001 |
| Metropolitan/regional | 6 (0.2) | 6 (0.3) | |
| Regional/metropolitan | 214 (7.7) | 213 (13.5) | |
| Regional/regional | 272 (9.8) | 115 (7.3) | |
| RP median annual surgeon volume | 34.5 | 36.7 | 0.0009 |
| Pathological T categories | |||
| pT2 | 1,598 (59.4) | 904 (57.8) | 0.3 |
| pT3 | 1,092 (40.6) | 659 (42.2) | |
| Positive surgical margin | |||
| Absent | 2,108 (74.2) | 1,136 (69.3) | < 0.001 |
| Present | 732 (25.7) | 502 (30.6) | |
| Extraprostatic extension | |||
| No | 493 (49.5) | 280 (48.6) | 0.7 |
| Yes | 503 (50.5) | 296 (51.4) | |
Data are presented as n (%).
For continuous variables, median, and for categorical variables, n (%) is shown.
PSA, prostate-specific antigen; RP, radical prostatectomy; TRUS, transrectal ultrasound; TURP, transurethral resection of the prostate.
a)
Patients who had Gleason sum score at diagnosis =10 were excluded in the analysis.
b)
Numerical-Mann–Whitney U test, categorical – chi square test/fishers exact depending on the number in each cell.