Figure 1.

A snapshot from MD simulations (at 11.3 mol % DMSO concentration) performed by solvating POPC bilayers with water, DMSO (orange line), and 150 mM Na⁺ (yellow spheres), Cl⁻ (cyan spheres). Lipid bilayers are at the center ($z=0$ Å), and the solvents (water, DMSO, and ions) are at $\left|z\right|\mathrm{\gtrsim }20$ Å. DMSO molecules that penetrate inside the headgroups are shown in green sticks. On the top, the locations of the phosphate, choline, and glycerol groups in reference to the center of bilayers $\left(z=0\right)$ are calculated in terms of the number densities of phosphorus (magenta), nitrogen (blue), and oxygen (red) atoms, respectively. At the bottom are shown the number densities of Na⁺ (orange) and Cl⁻ (cyan) ions across bilayers. To see this figure in color, go online.