Table 3.
Median vitamin levels with 25th and 75th percentiles in non-smoking and smoking ADHD patients
| Median (25th, 75th percentiles) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-smokers | Smokers | P | ||
| (n=43−45)a | (n=86−88)a | Mann–Whitney U test | ||
| Vitamin A | ||||
| All-trans retinol (µmol/L) | 2.10 (1.84, 2.35) | 2.28 (1.87, 2.67) | 0.18 | |
| Vitamin B | ||||
| B2 | Riboflavin (nmol/L) | 21.5 (13.7, 31.1) | 17.5 (12.1, 25.0) | 0.16 |
| B3 | Nicotinic acid (nmol/L) | 91.4 (79.2, 110.2) | 91.5 (76.3, 106) | 0.84 |
| B6 | Pyridoxal + pyridoxal phosphate (nmol/L) | 72.0 (55.2, 110.6) | 55.0 (38.7, 75.8) | 0.00021 |
| B9 | 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (nmol/L) | 10.4 (7.76, 16.4) | 9.22 (5.92, 13.9) | 0.037 |
| B12 | Cobalamin (pmol/L) | 387 (283, 476) | 368 (300, 481) | 0.88 |
| Methylmalonic acid (µmol/L) | 0.168 (0.143, 0.221) | 0.155 (0.132, 0.189) | 0.053 | |
| Vitamin D | ||||
| 25-OH-vitamin D2 + 25-OH-vitamin D3 (nmol/L) | 73.6 (48.0, 88.3) | 60.9 (39.9, 81.1) | 0.082 | |
| Vitamin E | ||||
| α-tocopherol (µmol/L) | 28.1 (24.3, 33.9) | 25.1 (22.2, 31.0) | 0.11 | |
a
The number of participants varies according to how many had the level of each vitamin successfully analysed.
Significance: P<0.05 is shown in bold.