Table 1.

The hierarchical levels of DNA structural organisation in prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes

Level A:
DNA sequence (e.g. Travers et al. 2012) and epigenetics (e.g. Breiling and Lyko 2015)
Level B:
Supercoiled DNA (plectonemes, toroids, melted regions) (e.g. Lavelle 2014)
Prokaryotes	Eukaryotes
Level C: DNA architectural proteins (HU/FIS) (e.g. Travers and Muskhelishvili 2007)	Level C1: Nucleosome structure (e.g. Wu et al. 2010)
	Level C2: Polymorphic structure of 30-nm fibre (e.g. Norouzi and Zhurkin 2015)
Level D: Supercoiling domains (e.g. Le et al. 2013)	Level D: Supercoiling domains (e.g. Naughton et al. 2013b)
Level E: Topological domains (e.g. Badrinarayanan et al. 2015)	Level E: Topologically associated domains (e.g. Gilbert and Allan 2014)

FIS Factor of inversion stimulation, HU heat-unstable nucleoid protein