Table 2. Summary of ethanol injection for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
| Author | Year | Country | Characteristics of patients | Treatment method | Patients(No. of tumors) | Tumor size | Male/female | Mean age(range) | Follow-up interval(months) | Prognosis | Complication |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nakaji S et al. | 2015 | Japan | Patient with HCC in the left hepatic lobe | Eus-guided EI | 1 | 45 | 0/1 | 79 | 1 | CR | No |
| Nakaji S et al. | 2012 | Japan | Patient with HCC | Eus-guided EI | 1(2) | 13 and 17 | 1 | 82 | 0.5 | CR | NA |
| Azab M et al. | 2011 | Egypt | Patient with HCC | US-guided PEI | 32 | NA | NA | 46–77 | 18 | 24 CR;8 PR | 25 transient pain;2 portal vein thrombosis;3 fever;3 mild ascites |
| Giorgio A et al. | 2011 | Italy | Patient with HCC | US-guided PEI | 142 | 23.4 ± 4.5(11–30) | 105/37 | 70 ± 2(68–74) | 22 | 3- and 5-year survival rates:74% and 68%;3- and 5-year local recurrence rates were 9.4% and 12.8% | Major complications was 1.9% |
| Brunello F et al. | 2008 | Italy | Patient with HCC | US-guided PEI | 69 (88) | 22.5 ± 5.4 | 49/20 | 70.3 ± 8.1 | 25.3 | 1-year OS rate 83.3% | 1 haemoperitoneum;1 death |
| Shiina S et al. | 2005 | Japan | Patient with HCC | US-guided PEI | 114 (192) | 45 ≤2 cm; 73 >2 cm | 87/27 | 41 ≤65;73 >65 | 34.8(1.2–50.4) | a) Solitary tumor: 1-, 3- and 4-year survival rates:95%, 85%, 73%, and 64%; b) multiple tumors:1-, 3- and 4-year survival rates:93%, 78%, 60%, and 48% | 1 liver abscess;2 neoplastic seeding |
HCC: hepatic cellular cancer; US: ultrasound; EI: ethanol injection; PEI: percutaneous ethanol injection; NA: not available; CR: complete response; PR: partial response; OS: overall survival.