Table 3. Summary of 125I brachytherapy for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
| Author | Year | Country | Characteristics of patients | Treatment method | Patients(No. of tumors) | Tumor size | Number of seeds | Male/female | Mean age(range) | Follow-up interval(months) | Prognosis | Complication |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zhang W et al. | 2015 | China | 1 patient with Bismuth type IV Klatskin tumor | DSA | 1 | NA | 12 | 1 | 75 | 3 | Improved | NA |
| Chen K et al. | 2013 | China | Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma after complete hepatectomy | 125I brachytherapy | 34(38) | 6.24 ± 2.55 | 25(18–34) | 25/9 | 18–70 | 47.6 (7.7–106.4) | Time to recurrence:60 months;1-, 3- and 5-year recurrence-free rates:94.12%, 76.42%, and 73.65%;1-, 3- and 5-year OS rates:94.12%, 73.53%, and 55.88%. | 1 nausea;1 sinus tachycardia;1 premature atrial contraction |
| Luo J et al. | 2011 | China | Patients with HCC complicated by tumor thrombus in main portal vein | US-guided 125I seed strand and stent with chemoembolization | 32 | 87.6 ± 28.2 (53–175) | 17 | 28/4 | 53.2 ± 8.8 (30–76) | 7.3 ± 5.1 | Technical success rate was 100%; the 3-month, 6-month, and 12-month cumulative survival rates were 96.4%, 67.4%, and 39.3%, and the cumulative stent patency rates were 96.7%, 83.4%, and 83.4% | Fever, vomiting or upper abdominal pain |
| Zhang FJ et al. | 2008 | China | Patients with HCC of PVTT | US-guided 125I brachytherapy | 19 | 11 ≥5 cm; 8 <5 cm | 18–30 | 13/6 | 57 (37–68) | 3–22 | 12 CR;4 PR; 3 stable | Mild pain;1 hemothorax |
| Nag S et al. | 2006 | America | Patients with unresectable or residual disease after surgical resection | 125I brachytherapy | 64(309) | NA | 40(10–134) | 33/31 | 57.4 (30–81) | 158.4 (20–175) | Median time to recurrence:9 months (6–12 months);1-, 3- and 5-year intrahepatic local control rates were 44%, 22%, and 22%;1-, 3- and 5-year OS rates were 73%, 23%, and 5% | 2 died;1 small-bowel obstruction;1 small-bowel perforation;1 liver abscess;1 wound abscess. |
HCC: hepatic cellular cancer; PVTT: portal vein tumor thrombosis; DSA:digital subtraction angiography; US: ultrasound; NA: not available; CR: complete response; PR: partial response; OS: overall survival.