Table 2. Crude and adjusted correlations between the composite coverage and co-coverage indices and three health outcome indicators, in demographic and health surveys in 49 countries^a .

Outcome indicatorsb	Composite coverage indexc			Co-coverage, 6+ interventionsd
	Crude r	P		GDP-adjusted r	P	Crude r	P	GDP-adjusted r	P
Neonatal mortality rate	−0.57	< 0.001		−0.69	< 0.001	−0.49	< 0.001	−0.48	0.001
Under-five mortality rate	−0.68	< 0.001		−0.75	< 0.001	−0.43	0.002	−0.48	0.003
Stunting prevalence	−0.46	0.001		−0.45	0.003	−0.33	0.023	−0.32	0.041

GDP: gross domestic product.

Note: Cells show Pearson correlation coefficients (r) and their associated P-values. Correlations were adjusted for GDP of each country.

^a Countries were: World Health Organization (WHO) African Region: Benin, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Chad, Comoros, Congo, Côte d’Ivoire, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Gabon, Ghana, Guinea, Kenya, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Namibia, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Swaziland, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe; WHO Region of the Americas: the Plurinational State of Bolivia, Dominican Republic, Haiti, Honduras, Nicaragua, Peru; WHO South-East Asia Region: Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Maldives, Nepal, Timor-Leste; WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region: Egypt, Jordan, Morocco, Pakistan; and WHO Western Pacific Region: Philippines.

^b Neonatal mortality rate is the probability of a child born in a specified year dying before reaching the age of 30 days per 1000 live births. Under-five mortality rate is the probability of a child born in a specified year dying before reaching the age of 5 years per 1000 live births. Stunting prevalence is the percentage of children aged 0–59 months with height-for-age z-scores below −2 standard deviations of the WHO child growth standard.

^c The composite coverage index is a weighted average of the coverage of eight interventions: family planning coverage; antenatal care; skilled birth attendant; bacille Calmette–Guérin (BCG) vaccination; three doses of diphtheria–tetanus–pertussis (DTP3) vaccination; measles vaccination; oral rehydration therapy for infant diarrhoea; and care-seeking for childhood pneumonia.

^d The co-coverage index is calculated at the individual level from the total number received from the following eight interventions: at least one antenatal care visit; tetanus vaccination during pregnancy; skilled birth attendant; BCG vaccination; DTP3 vaccination; measles vaccination; childhood vitamin A supplementation; and access to improved drinking water in the household.

Source: Data for all indicators were extracted from demographic and health surveys, available from http://www.dhsprogram.com.