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. 2016 Dec 13;10:17. doi: 10.1186/s13036-016-0041-4

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© The Author(s). 2016

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Fig. 3 — Average color-change profiles of 18 commercial beers and 4 control ethanol solutions for gas-phase analysis. The names are coded with different colors: red, American and Czech lagers; gray, German lagers; green, ales; magenta, specialty; and black, control. For the purposes of an effective visualization, the color range that is shown in these representations is expanded from the RGB values of 4–35 (i.e., 5 bit) to 0–255 (i.e., 8 bit). Color change profiles were obtained from by treatment of sensor arrays with gas-phases of 18 beers. Each beer showed the unique color change profile and these strong responses from beers did not come from ethanol, humidity, or CO₂. Principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA) were performed for the visual representation of high-dimensional data obtained from color change profiles. Reprinted from [68] with permission from ACS Publications)