Table A2.

Input parameters of the disease model.

Parameter name	Value	Source
HIV progression
Duration of acute phase (weeks)	12	[49]
Monthly transition rate
CD4>500 → CD4<500 cells/mm3
ART−	0.011	[50]
ART+	HR 1	[51, 52]
CD4<500 cells/mm3 → death
ART−	0.014	[50]
ART+	HR 0.22	[53, 54]
HCV+	HR 1.35	[55]
HCV progression
Duration of acute phase (weeks)	26	[56]
Mean time to treatment (weeks)	520	[57]
Treatment response (%)	80	[58, 59, 60]
Duration of treatment (weeks)	24	[61, 62]
Sexual behavior
Coital acts per week	1	[35]
Fraction that use condom consistently (%)
Regular partnership	16	[20, 21, 63]
Casual partnership	50	[64]
HIV transmission via sex
HIV transmission rate per coital act
Asymptomatic phase (CD4>500 cells/mm3) (%)	0.06	[65]
Acute phase	HR 12	[66, 67]
Symptomatic phase (CD4<500 cells/mm3)	HR 6	[66, 67, 68]
Effect of treatment (ART+) on infection risk	HR 0.10	[69, 70, 71]
Effect of condom use on infection risk	RR 0.20	[69, 72]
Needle-sharing behavior
Number of injections per week	14	[73, 74, 75]
Fraction of injections shared with strangers (%)	1	Estimated*
Distribution of long-term-sharing frequency (%)		[76]
0.25 times/week (monthly)	38
1 time/week (weekly)	45
7 times/week (daily)	17
HIV transmission via needle
Transmission rate per injection with a contaminated syringe (%)
Acute phase	1.00	[39]
Asymptomatic phase (CD4>500 cells/mm3)	0.12	[77, 78]
Symptomatic phase (CD4<500 cells/mm3)	0.30	[77, 78]
Effect of treatment on infection risk	HR 0.50	[68]
HCV transmission via needle
Transmission rate per injection with a contaminated syringe
HIV− (%)	0.40	[79, 80]
HIV+	HR 2	[81]
Effect of treatment on infection risk	HR 0.50	[82, 83]

HR, hazard ratio; RR, relative risk.

^*Estimated through calibration.