Table 1.
Vacuolar protein sorting (VPS) proteins described in yeast.
| VPS | Classa | Complexb | Function/other namec | Localisationd | T. gondiie | Plasmodiume | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VPS10 | A | – | Cargo receptor between Golgi and ELC- biogenesis of micronemes and rhoptries/sortilin-like receptor | Golgi and ELC | √ | √ | [62], [66] |
| VPS26 | A | Retromer | ELC to Golgi | ELC | √ | √ | [62], [67], [85] |
| VPS29 | A | √ | √ | ||||
| VPS35 | A | √ | √ | ||||
| VPS51 | B | GARP | Endosomes to Golgi | – | √ | √ | – |
| VPS52 | B | √ | √ | ||||
| VPS53 | B | √ | √ | ||||
| VPS54 | B | √ | |||||
| VPS11 | C | Vps-C core | Within endosomes | TGN, ELC, VAC and immature apical secretory organelles | √ | √ | [67] |
| VPS16 | C | √ | √ | ||||
| VPS18 | C | √ | √ | ||||
| VPS33 | C | √ | √ | ||||
| VPS3 | D | CORVET | |||||
| VPS8 | A/D* | √ | √ | – | |||
| VPS39 | B | HOPS | √ | √ | [67] | ||
| VPS41 | B | √ | √ | – | |||
| VPS9 | D | – | Activation of Rab5 (?)/GEF | Apical to the nucleus | √ | √ | [67] |
| VPS45 | D | – | Vesicle docking and fusion at vacuole (?) | – | √ | – | |
| VPS21 | D | Transport between Golgi and ELC/Rab5a | Golgi | √ | √ | [35], [86] | |
| VPS15 | D | – | Apicoplast homeostasis (?) | – | √ | √ | – |
| VPS34 | D | – | Apicoplast homeostasis/PI3K | Cytoplasm | √ | √ | [87] |
| VPS23 | E | ESCRTI | Transport to LE/MVB | – | – | ||
| VPS28 | E | ||||||
| VPS37 | E | ||||||
| VPS22 | E | ESCRTII | Transport to LE/MVB | – | – | ||
| VPS25 | E | ||||||
| VPS36 | E | ||||||
| VPS2 | E | ESCRTIII | LE/MVB formation and cytokinesis (?) | – | √ | √ | – |
| VPS4 | E | √ | √ | ||||
| VPS31 | E | √ | √ | ||||
| VPS32 | E | √ | √ | ||||
| VPS46 | E | √ | |||||
| VPS60 | E | √ | |||||
| VPS1 | F | – | Transport from Golgi to ELC/DrpB | Golgi | √ | √ | [42] |
*VPS8 was classified in two different classes [84]. Most of the VPS mutants, class A, contained vacuoles that appeared similar or slightly perturbed compared with the wild-type cells. Mutants categorised as class B contained a fragmented vacuole appearing as numerous small vacuole-like compartments. Class C mutants, exhibited the most extreme defect in the morphology of the vacuole and appeared to lack vacuoles altogether. Mutants in Class D present a deficient inheritance and acidification of the vacuole. Class E mutants display a novel prominent prevacuolar-like organelle in yeast. Vacuoles in class F vps mutants are encircled by smaller vacuolar compartments [47].
They were classified in six classes depending on the phenotype showed by yeast mutants.
Most of these VPS proteins are subunits of multi-subunit tethering complexes indicated in this column.
Function in apicomplexan parasites and alternative name is shown in this column. (?) indicates the possible function based on other eukaryotes since is still unknown for apicomplexan parasites.
localisation in T. gondii or Plasmodium if known.
Not all VPSs are present in apicomplexan parasites, we indicated the ones present in T. gondii and Plasmodium genome based on a recent study by Woo et al. [8].