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. 2016 Oct 11;24(11):1926–1938. doi: 10.1038/mt.2016.160

Figure 4.

Figure 4

GDF11 reduced the palmitic acid-induced apoptosis of MAECs. (a) Representative images of apoptotic cells stained with annexin-V-FITC and propidium iodide in MAECs pretreated with or without L-NAME (500 μmol/l) or SIS3 (3 μmol/l) for 30 minutes before treatment with GDF11 (50 ng/ml) for 30 minutes, then treated with PA (0.4 mmol/l) or vehicle for 24 hours. (b) The percentage of apoptotic cells. (c and d) Expression of Bcl-2, Bax, and cleaved-caspase 3 in MAECs were determined by western blot with the above treatments in comparison to β-actin. Data were shown as mean ± SD. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by LSD t-test was used to compare the differences among different groups. Each experiment repeated five times. *P < 0.05. GDF11, growth differentiation factor 11; MAECs, mice aortic endothelial cells; SD, standard deviation; LSD, least significant difference.