Fig 1.

Distributions of: (A) the peak velocity of the mitral annular movement during early diastole (e’); (B) the ratio of the peak velocities of transmitral blood flow to mitral annular movement in early diastole; and (C) the left atrial volume index (LAVI). In line with the US guideline (J Am Soc Echocardiogr 2016;29:277–314), e’ was measured at septal wall in panel A, but was the average of the septal and lateral sample sites in panel B. Arrows indicate the cut-off values for diastolic LV dysfunction recommended for clinical use in patients with advanced diastolic dysfunction.