Fig 8. Ice-binding activity of BdIRI proteins produced in E. coli.

Ice recrystallization inhibition activity was observed for all 7 BdIRI recombinant proteins as indicated, as well as purified recombinant LpAFP and buffer controls (see text). Images were captured immediately (time 0) and following an annealing period of 18 h at −4°C (A). Ice crystal morphologies were also observed for all proteins (B). Assays were conducted using 1 mg/mL of recombinant protein, in triplicate with representative photos shown.