Table 2.
Physiological and subjective responses.
| Rest | 0 | 15 | 30 | 45 | 60 | 75 | 90 | Post | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Heart Rate (bpm) | PLA | 83 ± 11 | 129 ± 17 | 157 ± 12 | 161 ± 14 | 168 ± 15 | 171 ± 15 | 173 ± 14 | 179 ± 14 | - |
| 6% CHO-E | 81 ± 8 | 122 ± 23 | 152 ± 10 | 158 ± 10 | 165 ± 16 | 169 ± 15 | 168 ± 16 | 180 ±14 | - | |
| 12% CHO-E | 80 ± 8 | 113 ± 27 | 154 ± 10 | 158 ± 8 | 159 ± 12 | 167 ± 9 | 169 ± 7 | 180 ± 12 | - | |
| Post hoc (time) | # | # | # | # | # | ## | ||||
| RPE | PLA | 8 ± 2 | 11 ± 2 | 13 ± 2 | 14 ± 2 | 16± 2 | 17 ± 1 | 17 ± 1 | - | |
| 6% CHO-E | - | 8 ± 2 | 10 ± 3 | 13 ± 2 | 15 ± 1 | 16 ± 1 | 17 ± 1 | 18 ± 1 | - | |
| 12% CHO-E | - | 8 ± 2 | 11 ± 2 | 12 ± 1 | 14 ± 2 | 15 ± 2 | 16 ± 2 | 18 ± 1 | - | |
| Post hoc (time) | # | # | ## | ## | ## | # | ||||
| Arousal | PLA | - | 2 ± 1 | 3 ± 1 | 3 ± 2 | 3 ± 1 | 4 ± 2 | 4 ± 2 | 4 ± 2 | - |
| 6% CHO-E | - | 3 ± 2 | 3 ± 1 | 4 ± 1 | 4 ± 2 | 4 ± 2 | 4 ± 2 | 5 ± 1 | - | |
| 12% CHO-E | - | 2 ± 1 | 3 ± 1 | 3 ± 2 | 3 ± 2 | 4 ± 2 | 4 ± 2 | 5 ± 2 | - | |
| Post hoc (time) | ||||||||||
| Blood glucose (mmol/L) | PLA | 4.4 ± 0.1 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.9 ± 0.5 |
| 6% CHO-E | 4.3 ± 0.7 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.3 ± 0.4 | |
| 12% CHO-E | 4.4 ± 0.5 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 4.7 ± 0.7 | |
| Post hoc (time) | # | |||||||||
| Blood lactate (mmol/L) | PLA | 0.8 ± 0.3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.9 ± 0.9 |
| 6% CHO-E | 1.0 ± 0.3 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2.0 ± 1.1 | |
| 12% CHO-E | 0.8 ± 0.4 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.9 ± 1.0 | |
| Post hoc (time) | # |
Values are mean ± SD. Time point 0 is post-warm up. Time effect: Significantly different from previous point (#P < 0.05; ##P < 0.01). PLA = placebo solution, 6% CHO = CHO-E solution containing 6% w/v carbohydrate, 12% CHO = CHO-E solution containing 12% w/v carbohydrate.