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. 2016 Dec 8;11:6635–6649. doi: 10.2147/IJN.S121847

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© 2016 Zhang and Gurunathan. This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited

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Effects of GO and NAM-rGO on mitochondrial membrane permeability and caspase-3 activity.

Notes: (A) MEFs were treated with different concentrations (10–50 μg/mL) of GO and NAM-rGO for 24 hours. MMP (ratio of JC-1 monomer/aggregate) was determined after treatment. There was a significant difference in the MMP activity of GO-treated cells compared to that of untreated cells (Student’s t-test; *P<0.05). There was no significant difference between control and NAM-rGO-treated cells. (B) MEFs were treated with 10 μg/mL of GO and NAM-rGO with or without caspase-3 inhibitor for 24 hours. There was a significant difference in the caspase-3 activity of GO-treated cells compared to that of the untreated cells (Student’s t-test; *P<0.05). There was no significant difference between control and NAM-rGO-treated cells.

Abbreviations: Con, control; GO, graphene oxide; NAM-rGO, nicotinamide-reduced graphene oxide; MMP, mitochondrial membrane permeability; MEFs, mouse embryonic fibroblast cells.