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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Int. 2016 Sep 24;97:195–203. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.09.011

Table 2.

Geometric means and 95% confidence intervals of PAH metabolite concentrations in morning samples from 334 non-smoking women under study (creatinine-adjusted, μg/g creatinine).

Urinary OH-PAHs Control
Intervention
All control Built-by-NGO Self-improved Traditional All intervention No-repair Need-repair
N 179a 23 35 121 153b 99 54b
1-naphthol 28.2 [23.8,33.3] 19.6 [12.9,29.8] 19.4 [13.7,27.6] 33.6 [27.3,41.3] 32.2 [26.1,39.7] 28.1 [22,35.9] 41.5 [28.2,61]
2-naphtholc 16.5c [15,18] 16.5 [11.9,22.9] 14.1 [11.7,17] 17.2 [15.4,19.2] 13.4 c [12.3,14.6] 12.8 [11.5,14.2] 14.5 [12.6,16.8]
Sum naphthol 49.1 [42.8,56.3] 37.4 [26.1,53.7] 35.8 [26.9,47.6] 56.5 [47.6,67.1] 51.1 [42.9,60.8] 45.2 [36.8,55.4] 64.0 [46.2,88.6]
2-OH-fluorene 2.6 [2.37,2.85] 2.82 [2.07,3.83] 2.53 [2.06,3.09] 2.58 [2.32,2.88] 2.53 [2.31,2.76] 2.45 [2.17,2.76] 2.68 [2.36,3.04]
3-OH-fluorene 1.1 [1,1.22] 1.05 [0.75,1.48] 1.02 [0.83,1.25] 1.14 [1.01,1.28] 1.06 [0.96,1.16] 1.02 [0.9,1.16] 1.13 [0.97,1.3]
9-OH-fluorene 2.57 [2.31,2.87] 2.89 [2.14,3.9] 2.64 [2.01,3.45] 2.5 [2.19,2.85] 2.49 [2.25,2.76] 2.45 [2.15,2.8] 2.56 [2.19,2.99]
Sum OH-fluorene 6.49 [5.93,7.12] 6.95 [5.17,9.35] 6.44 [5.24,7.93] 6.42 [5.75,7.18] 6.28 [5.75,6.85] 6.12 [5.44,6.88] 6.58 [5.81,7.45]
1-OH-phenanthene 1.6 [1.45,1.77] 1.7 [1.24,2.32] 1.62 [1.28,2.05] 1.58 [1.4,1.78] 1.53 [1.39,1.68] 1.5 [1.31,1.71] 1.59 [1.39,1.82]
2-OH-phenanthene 1.09 [0.99,1.21] 1.28 [0.91,1.8] 1.07 [0.85,1.34] 1.06 [0.94,1.2] 1.03 [0.93,1.14] 0.98 [0.86,1.13] 1.13 [0.97,1.31]
3-OH-phenanthene 1.18 [1.06,1.31] 1.26 [0.89,1.77] 1.12 [0.9,1.39] 1.18 [1.04,1.34] 1.18 [1.07,1.3] 1.13 [1,1.29] 1.26 [1.09,1.47]
4-OH-phenanthene 0.27 [0.24,0.3] 0.27 [0.19,0.4] 0.24 [0.19,0.3] 0.28 [0.25,0.32] 0.26 [0.24,0.29] 0.26 [0.23,0.3] 0.27 [0.23,0.32]
Sum OH-phenanthene 4.22 [3.83,4.65] 4.64 [3.37,6.38] 4.12 [3.31,5.12] 4.17 [3.71,4.69] 4.09 [3.72,4.49] 3.96 [3.49,4.5] 4.32 [3.76,4.97]
1-OH-pyrene 2.52 [2.25,2.83] 3.02 [2.14,4.27] 2.46 [1.89,3.2] 2.46 [2.13,2.83] 2.66 [2.38,2.96] 2.59 [2.24,2.99] 2.79 [2.37,3.29]
a

1-Naphthol results in two participants in the control group were non-reportable because of chromatographic interference.

b

Two urine samples in the need-repair intervention group did not have creatinine results.

c

2-Naphthol in the Control group was significantly higher than the Intervention group (p < 0.001).