Table 2.
Geometric means and 95% confidence intervals of PAH metabolite concentrations in morning samples from 334 non-smoking women under study (creatinine-adjusted, μg/g creatinine).
Urinary OH-PAHs | Control
|
Intervention
|
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All control | Built-by-NGO | Self-improved | Traditional | All intervention | No-repair | Need-repair | |
N | 179a | 23 | 35 | 121 | 153b | 99 | 54b |
1-naphthol | 28.2 [23.8,33.3] | 19.6 [12.9,29.8] | 19.4 [13.7,27.6] | 33.6 [27.3,41.3] | 32.2 [26.1,39.7] | 28.1 [22,35.9] | 41.5 [28.2,61] |
2-naphtholc | 16.5c [15,18] | 16.5 [11.9,22.9] | 14.1 [11.7,17] | 17.2 [15.4,19.2] | 13.4 c [12.3,14.6] | 12.8 [11.5,14.2] | 14.5 [12.6,16.8] |
Sum naphthol | 49.1 [42.8,56.3] | 37.4 [26.1,53.7] | 35.8 [26.9,47.6] | 56.5 [47.6,67.1] | 51.1 [42.9,60.8] | 45.2 [36.8,55.4] | 64.0 [46.2,88.6] |
2-OH-fluorene | 2.6 [2.37,2.85] | 2.82 [2.07,3.83] | 2.53 [2.06,3.09] | 2.58 [2.32,2.88] | 2.53 [2.31,2.76] | 2.45 [2.17,2.76] | 2.68 [2.36,3.04] |
3-OH-fluorene | 1.1 [1,1.22] | 1.05 [0.75,1.48] | 1.02 [0.83,1.25] | 1.14 [1.01,1.28] | 1.06 [0.96,1.16] | 1.02 [0.9,1.16] | 1.13 [0.97,1.3] |
9-OH-fluorene | 2.57 [2.31,2.87] | 2.89 [2.14,3.9] | 2.64 [2.01,3.45] | 2.5 [2.19,2.85] | 2.49 [2.25,2.76] | 2.45 [2.15,2.8] | 2.56 [2.19,2.99] |
Sum OH-fluorene | 6.49 [5.93,7.12] | 6.95 [5.17,9.35] | 6.44 [5.24,7.93] | 6.42 [5.75,7.18] | 6.28 [5.75,6.85] | 6.12 [5.44,6.88] | 6.58 [5.81,7.45] |
1-OH-phenanthene | 1.6 [1.45,1.77] | 1.7 [1.24,2.32] | 1.62 [1.28,2.05] | 1.58 [1.4,1.78] | 1.53 [1.39,1.68] | 1.5 [1.31,1.71] | 1.59 [1.39,1.82] |
2-OH-phenanthene | 1.09 [0.99,1.21] | 1.28 [0.91,1.8] | 1.07 [0.85,1.34] | 1.06 [0.94,1.2] | 1.03 [0.93,1.14] | 0.98 [0.86,1.13] | 1.13 [0.97,1.31] |
3-OH-phenanthene | 1.18 [1.06,1.31] | 1.26 [0.89,1.77] | 1.12 [0.9,1.39] | 1.18 [1.04,1.34] | 1.18 [1.07,1.3] | 1.13 [1,1.29] | 1.26 [1.09,1.47] |
4-OH-phenanthene | 0.27 [0.24,0.3] | 0.27 [0.19,0.4] | 0.24 [0.19,0.3] | 0.28 [0.25,0.32] | 0.26 [0.24,0.29] | 0.26 [0.23,0.3] | 0.27 [0.23,0.32] |
Sum OH-phenanthene | 4.22 [3.83,4.65] | 4.64 [3.37,6.38] | 4.12 [3.31,5.12] | 4.17 [3.71,4.69] | 4.09 [3.72,4.49] | 3.96 [3.49,4.5] | 4.32 [3.76,4.97] |
1-OH-pyrene | 2.52 [2.25,2.83] | 3.02 [2.14,4.27] | 2.46 [1.89,3.2] | 2.46 [2.13,2.83] | 2.66 [2.38,2.96] | 2.59 [2.24,2.99] | 2.79 [2.37,3.29] |
1-Naphthol results in two participants in the control group were non-reportable because of chromatographic interference.
Two urine samples in the need-repair intervention group did not have creatinine results.
2-Naphthol in the Control group was significantly higher than the Intervention group (p < 0.001).