Table 3.

Results of logistic regression for HAP exposure (using urinary OH-PAHs as exposure biomarkers) and potential risk factors on self-reported health symptoms.

Self-reported symptoms	N	Variables^a	OR [95%CI]	p^c
Red eye in the last 48 h	yes: 68	2-naphthol	3.80 [1.32, 10.9]	0.013
	no: 163	Woman age	1.04 [1.00, 1.08]	0.069
		Fertilizer use	3.65 [1.97, 6.79]	0.000
Itchy eye in the last 48 h	yes: 82	2-naphthol	3.28 [1.15, 9.38]	0.027
	no: 150	Stove type, Control vs Intervention	2.05 [1.09, 3.88]	0.027
		Second-hand smoke	4.30 [1.64, 11.3]	0.003
		Fertilizer use	3.10 [1.70, 5.66]	0.000
Humid eye in the last 48 h	yes: 58	2-naphthol	3.93 [1.18, 13.1]	0.026
	no: 174	Woman age	1.06 [1.01, 1.11]	0.011
		Stove type, Control vs Intervention	1.87 [0.90, 3.88]	0.096
		Wood type, Eucalipto or Hualango vs Other	2.11 [0.91, 4.86]	0.081
		Second-hand smoke	6.18 [2.24, 17.0]	0.000
		Fertilizer use	3.80 [1.89, 7.61]	0.000
Runny nose in the last 48 h	yes: 31	Distance home-to-road, <=20 m vs 20–200 m	3.03 [1.21, 7.58]	0.010
Runny nose in the last 48 h	no: 201	Grilled food in the last 48 h	3.41 [1.00, 11.6]	0.050
Cough in the last 48 h	yes: 54	Fertilizer use	2.85 [1.48, 5.48]	0.002
Cough in the last 48 h	no: 178
Wheeze in the last 48 h	yes: 19	1-hydroxypyrene	0.25 [0.06, 1.05]	0.059
Wheeze in the last 48 h	no: 213
Lack of air/difficult to breathe in the last 48 h	yes: 20	1-hydroxypyrene	0.23 [0.05, 1.05]	0.057
	no: 212	Second-hand smoke	3.41 [1.06, 10.9]	0.039
		Pesticide use	3.57 [1.31, 9.77]	0.013
Any recent respiratory symptom^b	yes: 74	Sum OH-fluorene^b	3.45 [0.83, 14.4]	0.089
	no: 158	1-hydroxypyrene	0.45 [0.18, 1.11]	0.083
		Traffic in community, 24+ cars/day vs <3 per week	3.77 [1.11, 12.8]	0.026
		Fertilizer use	2.37 [1.31, 4.30]	0.004
Respiratory infection in the last two weeks	yes: 18	Wood type, Eucalipto or Hualango vs Other	0.30 [0.10, 0.89]	0.030
Respiratory infection in the last two weeks	no: 213	Grilled food in the last 48 h	9.48 [2.57, 35.0]	0.001
Chronic respiratory illness	yes: 7	Pesticide use	7.11 [1.32, 38.2]	0.022
Chronic respiratory illness	no: 225
Eyes hurt while cooking	yes: 114	2-naphthol	2.32 [0.88, 6.10]	0.088
	no: 117	Woman age	1.04 [1.00, 1.09]	0.040
		Stove type, Control vs Intervention	3.37 [1.83, 6.20]	0.000
		Second-hand smoke	2.28 [0.87, 5.98]	0.094
		Fertilizer use	2.09 [1.17, 3.75]	0.013
Cough while cooking	yes: 55	1-hydroxypyrene	0.34 [0.13, 0.91]	0.031
Cough while cooking	no: 176	Fertilizer use	2.75 [1.44, 5.26]	0.002
Headache	yes: 111	Sum OH-fluorene^b	3.47 [0.93, 12.9]	0.063
	no: 121	Woman age	1.04 [1.00, 1.08]	0.042
		Stove type, Control vs Intervention	2.31 [1.29, 4.12]	0.005

Variables considered for each model include: woman age, stove type, CO, wood type, second-hand smoke, home-to-road distance, pesticide use, fertilizer use, enclosed kitchen, grilled food, and creatinine-adjusted 1-naphthol, 2-naphthol, 1-hydroxypyrene, summed OH-fluorenes, and summed OH-phenanthrenes.

Any recent respiratory symptoms include cough, wheeze, lack of air, or runny nose within the past 48 h.

Only results either statistically significant (p < 0.05) or marginally significant (0.05 < p < 0.10) are included.