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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Jan 1.
Published in final edited form as: Soc Sci Med. 2016 Nov 9;172:153–162. doi: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.11.010

Table 4.

Peer influence, marketing regulation, and physician prescribing of new medications. All models include controls for physician within class prescribing volume, physician payment composition, medical school graduation year, peer prescribing volume of competitor drugs, and prescriber specialty. Clustered standard errors are in parentheses. Exponentiated coefficients.

New Clinical Benefits
 Minor Variations
Vyvanse Cymbalta Invega Pristiq
Logit
Gift Ban and Public Disclosure 0.56***
(0.050)		 0.68***
(0.038)		 0.70*
(0.100)		 0.25***
(0.037)
Gift Restriction 0.72***
(0.063)		 0.69***
(0.033)		 0.70**
(0.088)		 0.61***
(0.047)
Disclosure 0.88
(0.125)		 0.80*
(0.079)		 1.00
(0.297)		 0.71
(0.129)
Gift Ban and Disclosure*Peer Influence 1.11***
(0.032)		 1.10*
(0.042)		 0.79
(0.224)		 0.48
(0.289)
Gift Restriction *Peer Influence 1.05
(0.032)		 0.99
(0.014)		 1.08
(0.077)		 1.09
(0.076)
Disclosure*Peer Influence 1.13
(0.098)		 1.02
(0.029)		 0.55
(0.270)		 1.26
(0.156)
Peer Influence 1.02***
(0.004)		 1.05***
(0.004)		 1.02
(0.015)		 1.07***
(0.015)
Lagged Prescribing 7.60***
(0.276)		 8.84***
(0.203)		 11.87***
(0.865)		 13.94***
(0.569)
Negative Binomial
Gift Ban and Public Disclosure 0.52***
(0.097)		 0.84*
(0.071)
Gift Restriction 0.98
(0.120)		 0.93
(0.058)
Disclosure 0.91
(0.182)		 0.81*
(0.084)
Gift Ban and Disclosure*Peer Influence 1.07*
(0.037)		 1.05*
(0.025)
Gift Restriction*Peer Influence 0.97
(0.037)		 0.97
(0.013)
Disclosure*Peer Influence 0.93
(0.086)		 1.01
(0.019)
Lagged Prescribing 1.08***
(0.006)		 1.20***
(0.007)
Peer Influence 1.02***
(0.002)		 1.02***
(0.003)
N 215,445 208,072 133,466 316,986
***

p < 0.001

**

p < 0.01

*

p < 0.05.